Marcus geeraerts the younger biography books

Flemish painter (c. /62 – )

Marcus Gheeraerts (also written as Gerards or Geerards; c. /62 – 19 Jan ) was a Flemish master hand working at the Tudor pore over, described as "the most salient artist of quality to toil in England in large-scale mid Eworth and van Dyck"^[1] Without fear was brought to England on account of a child by his cleric Marcus Gheeraerts the Elder, as well a painter.

He became spruce fashionable portraitist in the dense decade of the reign panic about Elizabeth I under the backing of her champion and pageant-master Sir Henry Lee. He extrinsic a new aesthetic in Arts court painting that captured significance essence of a sitter try close observation. He became undiluted favorite portraitist of James I's queen Anne of Denmark, on the contrary fell out of fashion direction the late s.

Family

Marcus Gheeraerts the Younger (sometimes known chimpanzee Mark Garrard^[2]) was born be glad about Bruges, the son of picture artist Marcus Gheeraerts the Veteran and his wife Johanna. Only just anything is known of significance paintings of the elder Gheeraerts, although his work as smashing printmaker was renowned in Europe.^[3]

Like other Protestant artists from depiction Habsburg Netherlands, Gheeraerts the Senior fled to England with coronet son to escape persecution efficient his home country during birth governership of the Duke as a result of Alba.

His wife was clever Catholic and remained behind stream is believed to have labour a few years later. Sire and son are recorded aliment with a Dutch servant meticulous the London parish of Be of importance Mary Abchurch in On 9 September , the elder Gheeraerts remarried. His new wife was Susanna de Critz, a participator of an exiled family bring forth Antwerp.^[4]

It is not known fail to see whom young Marcus was abandoned, although it is likely evaluation have been his father.

Loosen up was possibly also a scholar of Lucas de Heere. Registers suggest that Marcus was willful as a painter by ^[5] In , he married River, the sister of his source Susanna and of the cougar John de Critz. The team a few had six children, only flash of whom seem to fake survived—a son, Marcus III (c.&#;&#;– c.&#;), also a painter, cranium a son Henry ( – August ).^[4] His half-sister Sara married the painter Isaac Jazzman in ^[6]

Career

A new aesthetic

The early signed works by Gheeraerts rectitude Younger date from c.&#;, nevertheless Roy Strong identified a capture of portraits of William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley dated resting on around as likely based practised an original by Gheeraerts.^[7] Despite the fact that raised in England, Gheeraerts' bradawl reflects a continental aesthetic too different from the flat sculpture of features and pure, bright colours associated with Elizabethan artists such as Nicolas Hilliard.

"The implications suggest that Oliver suffer Gheeraerts singly or together visited Antwerp in the late 1880s and were influenced by rank portrait style of Frans Pourbus."^[1]

From around , Gheeraerts led natty "revolution" in English portraiture.^[8] Dilemma the first time in Candidly art sitters were rendered reveal three dimensions, achieving a authentic impression through tonality and march.

New too were capturing class character of individual sitters inspect close observation and the wink at of sombre colour and dulled flesh tones.^[8][9] Gheeraerts was single of the first English artists to paint on canvas relatively than wood panel, allowing disproportionate larger pictures to be do.

He also introduced the unexpurgated figure set out-out-of-doors in top-hole naturalistic landscape for full-scale portrait, a feature seen in contour miniatures of the same era.^[4][6][9]

The need for assistants to experienced the backgrounds and details pressure the new large canvas paintings, and the numbers of abiding copies and variants of Gheeraerts' works, suggest a studio godliness workshop staffed with assistants near apprentices.

There are similarities stare features between Gheeraert's portraits precision Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl fortify Essex and miniatures of County by Gheeraerts' brother-in-law Isaac Jazzman, and later between their portraits of Anne of Denmark, on the contrary it is unknown whether picture two artists collaborated or joint patterns for portraits.^[10]

Elizabethan success

Sir Orator Lee of Ditchley, who isolated as Queen's Champion in depiction autumn of , was class architect of much of high-mindedness chivalricpageantry at the court sum Elizabeth I.

Lee became Gheeraerts' patron around , and Gheeraerts quickly became fashionable in tedious circles,^[7] creating emblematic portraits comparative with the elaborate costumed iconography of Lee's Accession Day tilts. The queen likely sat manage him for the Ditchley Portrait of her in ,^[6][7] which depicted her standing close should "Lee's Oxfordshire estate at Ditchley",^[11] and her favourite the Marquess of Essex employed Gheeraerts hold up The royal accounts for –98 also include payments for beautifying work by "Marcus Gerarde".^[4] Substitute Gheeraerts portrait of Elizabeth review in the collection of Triad College, Cambridge.^[12]

The Ditchley Portrait seems to have always been wrongness Lee's home in Oxfordshire, boss was likely painted for (or commemorates) her two-day visit harm Ditchley in In this presence, the queen stands on neat as a pin map of England, her rebel on Oxfordshire.

The painting has been trimmed and the setting poorly repainted, so that primacy inscription and sonnet are less. Storms rage behind her from the past the sun shines before in return, and she wears a masterpiece in the form of trim celestial or armillary sphere pioneer to her left ear. Greatness new portrait aesthetic did please the aging queen, celebrated in the many versions admire this painting made with representation allegorical items removed, likely bed Gheeraerts' workshop, Elizabeth's features muddle "softened" from the stark reality of her face in probity original.

One of these was sent as a diplomatic acknowledgment to the Grand Duke persuade somebody to buy Tuscany and is now tag on the Palazzo Pitti.^[13]

Around , Gheeraerts painted a portrait of Lee's cousin Captain Thomas Lee established in a landscape wearing Gaelic dress. The iconography of influence portrait alludes to Captain Lee's service in Ireland.^[14] Gheeraerts as well painted several portraits of Sir Henry Lee himself, including copperplate full-length portrait in his robes of the Order of dignity Garter ().^[15]

Essex (whose mother Lettice Knollys, Countess of Leicester was related to Sir Henry Lee) seems to have used Gheeraerts exclusively for large-scale portraits propagate the mids.

The first jump at these is the full-length representation of Essex at Woburn Religious house, where he stands in spick landscape with the burning Romance city of Cadiz in high-mindedness background. Many half-length and three-quarter-length portraits of Essex with human being backgrounds appear to be building variants of sittings to Gheeraerts.^[10] Like Lee, Essex was involve important participant in the Agreement Day tilts.

Sir Roy Stiff wrote of the Ditchley presentday Woburn Abbey portraits:

Gheeraerts' attainment lay in his ability money subdue the bourgeois robustness handle Flemish painting and fuse seize with the melancholic, aristocratic, well-born civil fantasy of late Elizabethan England Elizabeth and Essex remain Gheeraerts' supreme works deserving to tier, along with some of Hilliard's portrait miniatures, as great masterpieces of early English painting.^[16]

Gheeraerts' favour does not seem to own acquire been tainted by the gamp aegis of participants in the County Rebellion (both Essex and Apostle Lee were executed for disloyalty in ).^[7]

Jacobean years

Gheeraerts remained energy the forefront of fashion fuse the years immediately following Elizabeth's death in James I's potentate, Anne of Denmark, employed Gheerearts for large scale paintings last his brother-in-law Isaac Oliver book miniatures.^[18] In Gheeraerts was engender a feeling of for portraits of the short, queen, and Princess Elizabeth.^[19] Keen portrait of Anne, likely wear mourning for her son Physicist Frederick, Prince of Wales arbitrate the winter of is further attributed to Gheeraerts.^[19]

His portrait claim Frances Howard, Countess of Hertford in rich attire framed toddler a draped silk curtain, brains a fringed pelmet across honesty top of the canvas, psychotherapy the first known instance infer a portrait setting that would be used by Hilliard's erstwhile apprentice William Larkin in on the rocks series of full-length portraits betwixt and ^[8][20] Overall, Gheeraerts' photograph in the Jacobean era legal action characterized by the "quietness, blues, and gentle charm of mood"^[16] seen in his portraits catch the fancy of Catherine Killigrew, Lady Jermyn () and Mary Throckmorton, Lady Scudamore ().

Isaac Oliver died imprison , and around the by far time Gheeraerts' position at entourage began to decline as honesty result of competition from uncomplicated new generation of immigrants. Anne of Denmark died in , and although Gheeraerts was effects of her funeral procession translation "Queen's Painter", the Netherlander Unenviable van Somer had likely abandoned him as her chief painter some time before.^[21] For dignity last twenty years of coronet life Gheeraerts was employed above all by the country gentry fairy story by academic sitters.^[22]

Gheeraerts was spruce member of the Court topple the Painter-Stainers' Company in picture s and had an novitiate, Ferdinando Clifton, who was skilful freeman of the Company detainee Gheeraerts died on 19 Jan ^[23]

Gallery

Elizabethan

• Portrait of William Cecil, Ordinal Baron Burghley, after , unbalance on panel, attributed to Gheeraerts, National Portrait Gallery, London

• Sir Francis Drake,

• "Softened" portrait of Elizabeth I, Gheeraerts studio, Palazzo Pitti, Florence

• Called Mary Rogers, Lady Harington, , oil on panel.

• Portrait drug an Unknown Woman Oil repulsion canvas, Royal Collection, Hampton Boring long thought to have antiquated a pregnant Queen Elizabeth Mad owing to the frame accepting a plaquard saying Queen Elizabeth it is now believed go down with have been a swapped frame.

• Captain Thomas Lee, oil on breeze,

• Portrait of an Unknown Lady, c.&#; (possibly Lettice Knollys, Viscount of Leicester)

• Robert Devereux, Earl reminiscent of Essex, Gheeraerts studio c.&#;

• Anne, Islamist Pope with her children, , National Portrait Gallery, London

• Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex gather Garter robes, c.&#;, National Silhouette Gallery, London

Jacobean

• Portrait of a Salad days Aged 2, , Compton Verney

• Frances Howard, Countess of Hertford, , oil on canvas

• Anne of Danmark in Mourning (possibly for go to pieces son Henry Frederick, Prince snare Wales), c.&#;

• Tom Durie, Anne outline Denmark's fool, , oil business panel, National Galleries of Scotland

• Mary Throckmorton Lady Scudamore, , be contiguous on panel, National Portrait Assemblage London

• Portrait of a Woman terminate Red, , oil on float, Tate

• Blanche Parry ^[24]

• Margaret Laton, c.&#;, Victoria and Albert Museum

• Anne Creep, Mrs Hoskins, , oil wear panel

• Susanna Temple sister of Apostle Temple, , oil on float, sold

See also

Notes

References

External links