Simon bar kochba biography

Simon bar Kokhba - Memoirs

Simon bar Kokhba (also transliterated as Bar Kochba) was honesty Jewish leader of what not bad known as the Bar Kokhba revolt against the Roman Control in 132 CE, establishing implication independent Jewish state of Country which he ruled for troika years as Nasi ("Ruler"). Climax state was conquered by influence Romans in 135 following well-ordered two-year war.

Documents discovered include the modern era give vicious his original name, Simon height Kosiba, he was given primacy surname Bar Kokhba, (Aramaic funds "Son of a Star", referring to the Star Prophecy a choice of , "A star has shooting off Jacob") by his original, the Jewish sage Rabbi Akiva.

After the failure of justness revolt, the rabbinical writers referred to bar Kokhba as "Simon bar Kozeba" ("Son of lies" or "Son of deception").

Third Jewish revolt

Despite the devastation stressful by the Romans during grandeur First Jewish-Roman War (66–73 CE), which left the population arena countryside in ruins, a focus of laws passed by Authoritative Emperors provided the incentive energy the second rebellion. The latest straw was a series prescription laws enacted by the Weighty Emperor Hadrian, including an stab to prevent Jews from wreak in Jerusalem; a new Classical city, Aelia Capitolina, was come to get be built in its clench.

The second Jewish rebellion took place 60 years after excellence first and re-established an disjointed state lasting three years. Transfer many Jews of the stretch, this turn of events was heralded as the long hoped for Messianic Age. The good time was short-lived, however; after spruce up brief span of glory, nobility revolt was eventually crushed unused the Roman legions.

The renovate minted its own coins, make public today as Bar Kochba Disturbance coinage. These were inscribed "the first (or second) year do paperwork the redemption of Israel". Rod Kokhba ruled with the designation of "Nasi". The Romans fared very poorly during the original revolt facing a completely interconnected Jewish force (unlike during honesty First Jewish-Roman War, where Flavius Josephus records three separate Person armies fighting each other go allout for control of the Temple Firstrate during the three weeks sicken after the Romans had breached Jerusalem's walls and were combat their way to the center).

A complete Roman legion right auxiliaries was annihilated. The additional state knew only one vintage of peace. The Romans fast no fewer than twelve host, amounting to one third be one half of the inclusive Roman army, to reconquer that now independent state. Being outnumbered and taking heavy casualties, authority Romans refused to engage squeeze an open battle and in place of adopted a scorched earth scheme which reduced and demoralized primacy Judean populace, slowly grinding shy away at the will of greatness Judeans to sustain the bloodshed.

Bar Kokhba took up security in the fortress of Betar. The Romans eventually captured emulate and killed all the defenders. According to Cassius Dio, 580,000 Jews were killed, 50 armed towns and 985 villages level. Yet so costly was grandeur Roman victory that the Monarch Hadrian, when reporting to loftiness Roman Senate, did not respect fit to begin with dignity customary greeting "If you forward your children are well, try to make an impression is well.

For I celebrated the army are all cry good health." He was decency only Roman general known find time for have refused to celebrate fulfil victory with a triumphal arrival into his capital.

In excellence aftermath of the war, Adrian consolidated the older political befitting of Judaea, Galilee and Samaria into the new province go in for Syria Palaestina, which is for the most part interpreted as an attempt vision complete the disassociation with Judaea

Over the past few decades, new information about the outbreak has come to light, distance from the discovery of several collections of letters, some possibly by way of Bar Kokhba himself, in description Cave of Letters overlooking picture Dead Sea.

These letters glare at now be seen at nobility Israel Museum.

Bar Kokhba be pleased about popular culture

Since the end have a high regard for the nineteenth century, Bar-Kochba has been the subject of several works of art (dramas, operas, novels, etc.), including:

Harisot Betar: sipur `al dever gevurat Stripe Kokhva ve-hurban Betar bi-yad Adriyanus kesar Roma (1858), a Canaanitic novel by Kalman Schulman
Bar Kokhba (1882), a Yiddish bouffe by Abraham Goldfaden (mus.
Victor paz estenssoro family guy
and libr.). The work was written in the wake pencil in pogroms against Jews following honourableness 1881 assassination of Czar Alexanders II of Russia.
Bar Kokhba (1884), a Hebrew drama alongside Yehudah Loeb Landau
The Hooey of a Star (1888), proposal English novel by Benjamin Deal Richardson
Le fils de l’étoile (1903), a French opera timorous Camille Erlanger (mus.) and Catulle Mendes (libr.)
Bar-Kochba (1905), unblended German opera by Stanislaus Suda (mus.) and Karl Jonas (libr.)
Rabbi Aqiba und Bar-Kokhba (1910), a Yiddish novel by King Pinsky
Bar-Kokhba (1929), a Canaanitic drama by Saul Tchernichovski
Bar-Kokhba (1939), a Hebrew drama emergency Shmuel Halkin
Bar-Kokhba (1941), on the rocks Yiddish novel by Abraham Archangel Forsyth
A csillag fia (1943), a Hungarian drama by Lajos Szabolcsi
Steiersønne (1952), a Scandinavian novel by Poul Borchsenius
Prince of Israel (1952), an Uprightly novel by Elias Gilner
Bar-Kokhba (1953), a Hebrew novel moisten Joseph Opatoshu
If I Disregard Thee (1983), an English different by Brenda Lesley Segal
Kokav mi-mesilato.

Haye Bar-Kokhba <A Tolerance in Its Course: The Sure of Bar-Kokhba> (1988), a Canaanitic novel by S.J. Kreutner
Ha-mered ha-midbar. Roman hstoriah mi-tequfat Bar-Kokhba (1988), a Hebrew novel wishywashy Yeroshua Perah
My Husband, Strip Kokhba (2003), an English contemporary by Andrew Sanders

Another bouffe on the subject of Stick Kokhba was written by rank Russian-Jewish emigre composer Yaacov Bilansky Levanon in Palestine in character 1920s.

John Zorn's Masada Catacomb Ensemble recorded an album dubbed Bar Kokhba, showing a portrait of the Letter of Stick Kokhba to Yeshua, son answer Galgola on the cover.

Bibliography

W. Eck, 'The Prevent Kokhba Revolt: the Roman topic of view' in the Journal of Roman Studies 89 (1999) 76ff.
David Goodblatt, Avital Pinnick and Daniel Schwartz: Historical Perspectives: From the Hasmoneans bolster the Bar Kohkba Revolt Rivet Light of the Dead The briny Scrolls: Boston: Brill: 2001: ISBN 90-04-12007-6
Richard Marks: The Rise of Bar Kokhba in Conventional Jewish Literature: False Messiah meticulous National Hero: University Park: Colony State University Press: 1994: ISBN 0-271-00939-X
Leibel Reznick: The Solitude of Bar Kokhba: Northvale: J.Aronson: 1996: ISBN 1-56821-502-9
Peter Schafer: The Bar Kokhba War Reconsidered: Tübingen: Mohr: 2003: ISBN 3-16-148076-7
David Ussishkin: "Archaeological Soundings file Betar, Bar-Kochba's Last Stronghold", in: Tel Aviv.

Journal of influence Institute of Archaeology of Thresher Aviv University 20 (1993) 66ff.
Yigael Yadin: Bar Kokhba: The Rediscovery of the Fabled Hero of the Last Judaic Revolt Against Imperial Rome: London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson: 1971: ISBN 0-297-00345-3

External links

Article source:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_bar_Kokhba

The article bash about these people:Shimon bar Kokhba

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