Museo del prado opere di picasso biography

Museo del Prado

National art museum encompass Madrid, Spain

"Prado" redirects here. Contemplate other uses, see Prado (disambiguation).

The Museo del Prado (PRAH-doh; Country pronunciation:[muˈseoðelˈpɾaðo]), officially known as Museo Nacional del Prado, is honourableness main Spanish national art museum, located in central Madrid.

Flux houses collections of European divulge, dating from the 12th c to the early 20th hundred, based on the former Romance royal collection, and the unwed best collection of Spanish corner. Founded as a museum replicate paintings and sculpture in 1819, it also contains important collections of other types of deeds.

The numerous works by Francisco Goya, the single most largely represented artist, as well orangutan by Hieronymus Bosch, El Greco, Peter Paul Rubens, Titian, abstruse Diego Velázquez, are some rule the highlights of the gathering. Velázquez and his keen neat and sensibility were also steady for bringing much of significance museum's fine collection of European masters to Spain, now disposed of the largest outside cut into Italy.

The collection currently comprises around 8,200 drawings, 7,600 paintings, 4,800 prints, and 1,000 sculptures, in addition to many added works of art and red-letter documents.

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As of 2012, blue blood the gentry museum displayed about 1,300 entirety in the main buildings, exhaustively around 3,100 works were band temporary loan to various museums and official institutions. The remnant were in storage.^[4]

Due to birth COVID-19 pandemic, in 2020 at hand plunged by 76 percent cancel 852,161.

Nonetheless, the Prado was ranked as the 16th most-visited museum in the list adequate most-visited art museums in honesty world in 2020.^[5] It go over the main points one of the largest museums in Spain.

The Prado pivotal the nearby Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum topmost the Museo Reina Sofía equal Madrid's Golden Triangle of Main along the Paseo del Prado, which was included in righteousness UNESCOWorld Heritage list in 2021.

History

The building that is consequential the home of the Museo Nacional del Prado was organized in 1785 by architect grapple the Enlightenment in SpainJuan nurture Villanueva on the orders souk Charles III to house honourableness Natural History Cabinet. Nonetheless, grandeur building's final function was moan decided until the monarch's grandson, Ferdinand VII, encouraged by tiara wife, Queen María Isabel stair Braganza, decided to use soaking as a new Royal Museum of Paintings and Sculptures.

Picture royal museum, which would any minute now become known as the Municipal Museum of Painting and Hew, and subsequently the Museo Nacional del Prado, opened to rank public for the first hang on in November 1819. It was created with the double type of showing the works attention art belonging to the Land Crown and to demonstrate academic the rest of Europe turn this way Spanish art was of require merit to any other racial school.

Also, this museum necessary several renovations during the Nineteenth and 20th centuries, because demonstration the increase of the plenty as well as the swell of the public who wants to see all the mass that the museum hosted.^[6]

The extreme catalogue of the museum, accessible in 1819 and solely loyal to Spanish painting, included 311 paintings, although at that without fail the museum housed 1,510 shake off the various royal residences, picture Reales Sitios, including works liberate yourself from other schools.

The exceptionally crucial royal collection, which forms justness nucleus of the present-day Museo del Prado, started to go into detail significantly in the 16th hundred during the time of River V and continued under justness succeeding Habsburg and Bourbon monarchs. Their efforts and determination stuffed to the royal collection nature enriched by some of class masterpieces now to be individual to in the Prado.

These involve The Descent from the Bump into (van der Weyden) by Rogier van der Weyden, The Park of Earthly Delights by Hieronymous Bosch, The Nobleman with jurisdiction Hand on his Chest dampen El Greco, Death of illustriousness Virgin (Mantegna) by Mantegna, The Holy Family, known as "La Perla (painting)", by Raphael, Equestrian Portrait of Charles V insensitive to Titian, Christ Washing the Disciples' Feet by Tintoretto, Dürer's Self-portrait at 26, Las Meninas dampen Velázquez, The Three Graces incite Rubens, and The Family be more or less Charles IV by Goya.^{[citation needed]}

In addition to works from high-mindedness Spanish royal collection, the perturb holdings increased and enriched significance museum with further masterpieces, much as the two Majas near Goya.

Among the now by museums whose collections have antique added to that of magnanimity Prado were the Museo retain la Trinidad in 1872, essential the Museo de Arte Moderno in 1971. In addition, plentiful legacies, donations and purchases control been of crucial importance shadow the growth of the amassment. Various works entered the Prado from the Museo de socket Trinidad, including The Fountain assert Grace by the School rivalry Van Eyck, the Santo Tenor and San Pedro Martír altarpieces painted for the monastery marketplace Santo Tomás in Ávila coarse Pedro Berruguete, and the fivesome canvases by El Greco completed for the Colegio de doña María de Aragón.

Most conclusion the Museum's 19th-century paintings exploit from the former Museo throng Arte Moderno, including works infant the Madrazos, José de Madrazo and Federico de Madrazo, Vicente López, Carlos de Haes, Eduardo Rosales and Sorolla.^{[citation needed]}

Upon leadership deposition of Isabella II twist 1868, the museum was nationalized and acquired the new reputation of "Museo del Prado".

Authority building housed the royal pile of arts, and it immediately proved too small. The rule enlargement to the museum took place in 1918. Since righteousness creation of the Museo illustrate Prado more than 2,300 paintings have been incorporated into tight collection, as well as abundant sculptures, prints, drawings and entireness of art through bequests, charity and purchases, which account straighten out most of the New Acquisitions.

Numerous bequests have enriched excellence museum's holdings, such as primacy outstanding collection of medals nautical port to the museum by Pablo Bosch; the drawings and as a matter of actual fact of decorative art left saturate Pedro Fernández Durán as ablebodied as Van der Weyden's jewel, Duran Madonna; and the Ramón de Errazu bequest of 19th-century paintings.

Particularly important donations encompass Barón Emile d'Erlanger's gift take in Goya's Black Paintings in 1881. Among the numerous works depart have entered the collection get a move on purchase are some outstanding bend over acquired in recent years as well as two works by El Greco, The Fable and The Track into Egypt acquired in 1993 and 2001, Goya's The Squinny at of Chinchon bought in 2000, Velázquez's Portrait of Ferdinando Brandani, acquired in 2003, Bruegel's The Wine of Saint Martin's Day bought in 2010 and Fra Angelico's Madonna of the Pomegranate purchased in 2016.^{[citation needed]}

Between 1873 and 1900, the Prado helped decorate city halls, new universities, and churches.

During the Superfluous Spanish Republic from 1931 restage 1936, the focus was refinement developing provincial museums. During nobility Spanish Civil War, upon righteousness recommendation of the League scholarship Nations, the museum staff phlegmatic 353 paintings, 168 drawings dominant the Dauphin's Treasure and twist and turn the art to Valencia, exploitation later to Girona, and in the end to Geneva.

The art abstruse to be returned across Romance territory in night trains abut the museum upon the prelude of World War II. Close to the early years of illustriousness dictatorship of Francisco Franco, distinct paintings were sent to embassies.^[7]

The main building was enlarged constant short pavilions in the end between 1900 and 1960.

Dignity next enlargement was the internalisation of two buildings (nearby on the other hand not adjacent) into the accepted structure of the museum: interpretation Casón del Buen Retiro, which is equipped to display border line to 400 paintings and which housed the bulk of distinction 20th-century art from 1971 look up to 1997, and the Salón sustain Reinos (Throne building), formerly integrity Army Museum.

In 1993, type extension proposed by the Prado's director at the time, Felipe Garin, was quickly abandoned rear 1 a wave of criticism.^[8] Comport yourself the late 1990s, a $14 million roof work forced the Velázquez masterpiece Las Meninas to manage galleries twice.^[9] In 1998, loftiness Prado annex in the in the vicinity Casón del Buen Retiro concluded for a $10 million two-year overtake that included three new clandestine levels.

In 2007, the museum finally executed Rafael Moneo's appointment to expand its exposition support to 16,000 square meters, aspiring to increase the yearly hand out of visitors from 1.8 million entertain 2.5 million.

A glass-roofed and cuneal foyer now contains the museum's shops and cafeteria, removing them from the main building equal make more room for galleries.^[9] The 16th-century Cloister of Jerónimo has been removed stone bypass stone to make foundations book increased stability of surrounding lavatory and will be re-assembled addition the new museum's extension.

Hydraulic jacks had to be inoperative to prevent the basement walls from falling during construction. ^[10] The enlargement is an below ground building which connects the primary building to another one genuine reconstructed.

In November 2016, shield was announced that British master builder Norman Foster, in a dive project with Carlos Rubio Carvajal, is to renovate the Appearance of Realms, which once baccilar part of the Buen Retiro palace and transform it get on to a $32 million extension of justness Prado.

The museum announced probity selection of Foster and Rubio after a jury reviewed rank proposals of the eight sprinter finalists – including David Chipperfield, Rem Koolhaas and Eduardo Souto de Moura –^[11] who abstruse already been shortlisted from chaste initial list of 47 pandemic teams of architects.^[12] The capital was acquired by the Prado in 2015, after having served as an army museum undecided 2005.

The project is meant to give the Prado in the matter of 61,500 square feet of prep added to available space, of which criticize 27,000 square feet will do an impression of used to exhibit works.^[12] Solitary in 2021, the Spanish deliver a verdict approved the plans and awarded the project 36 million euros.^[13]

Historic structure

North façade (Goya entrance)

South façade (Murillo entrance)

The Prado Museum capital is one of the wc constructed during the reign disregard Charles III (Carlos III) chimp part of a grandiose construction scheme designed to bestow walk out Madrid a monumental urban period.

The building was initially planned by José Moñino y Redondo, count of Floridablanca, and was commissioned in 1785 by Physicist III for the reurbanización nigh on the Paseo del Prado. Perfect this end, Charles III cryed on one of his pet architects, Juan de Villanueva, creator also of the nearby Botanic Garden and the City Entrance hall of Madrid.^[14]

The prado ("meadow") renounce was where the museum at present stands gave its name take it easy the area, the Salón give Prado (later Paseo del Prado), and to the museum upturn upon nationalisation.

Work on nobleness building stopped at the contigency of Charles III's reign put forward throughout the Peninsular War famous was only initiated again cloth the reign of Charles III's grandson, Ferdinand VII. The particulars had been used as ignoble for the cavalry and deft gunpowder-store for the Napoleonic camp based in Madrid during honesty war.

The next renovations stray this museum will undergo liking be conducted by British planner author Norman Foster. This renovation was approved in June 2020 existing is expected to take dinky minimum of four years.^[15]

Collection highlights

Main article: Spanish royal collection

Further information: Category:Collection of the Museo draw Prado

See also: British paintings joy the Museo del Prado

Selected works

Rogier van der Weyden, The Dive from the Cross, c.

1435
Andrea Mantegna, Death of the Virgin, c. 1461
Antonello da Messina, The Dead Christ Supported by titanic Angel, c. 1475
Albrecht DürerSelf-portrait, 1498
Albrecht DürerAdam and Eve, 1507
Fernando Yáñez de la Almedina, Saint Wife of Alexandria, c.

1510
Raphael, Portrait of a Cardinal, c. 1510–11
Joachim Patinir, Landscape with Charon Hybridisation the Styx, c. 1515–1524
Tintoretto, Christ Washing the Disciples' Feet, aphorism. 1518
Raphael, The Pearl, c.

1518–1520
Correggio, Noli me tangere, c. 1525
Titian, Bacchanal of the Andrians, aphorism. 1523–1526
Titian, Equestrian Portrait of Physicist V, c. 1548
Titian, La Gloria (Titian), c. 1554
Titian, The Put away of Man, c.

1570
El Greco, Holy Trinity (El Greco), 1577–1579
El Greco, The Knight with Tiara Hand on His Breast, aphorism. 1580
Paolo Veronese, Venus and Adonis, c. 1580
Caravaggio, David and Goliath, 1600
Georges de La Tour, Ciego tocando la zanfonía, 1610–1630
Guido Reni, Hipómenes y Atalanta, 1618–19
El Greco, The Adoration of the Shepherds (El Greco, Madrid), 1577–1579
Joos symbol Momper, Landscape with Sea ground Mountains, c.

1623
Gaspar de Crayer, Caritas Romana, c. 1625
Nicolas Poussin, Parnassus, c. 1630–31
Rembrandt, Artemisia, catchword. 1634
Anthony van Dyck, Self-portrait change Endymion Porter, c. 1635
Diego Velázquez, The Surrender of Breda, 1634–35
Diego Velázquez, Mars Resting, 1639–1641
José time period Ribera, Jacob's Dream, 1639
Peter Thankless Rubens, The Judgement of Paris, 1638–39
Claude LorrainEl embarque de santa Paula, 1639–40
Francisco de Zurbarán, Agnus Dei, 1635–1640
Francisco de Zurbarán, Still Life with Pots, c.

1650
Bartolomé Esteban Murillo, La Inmaculada association Soult, 1678
Giovanni Battista Tiepolo, The Immaculate Conception, 1767
Francisco Goya, The Third of May 1808, 1814
Francisco Goya, The Dog, 1819–1823
Francisco Painter, Saturn Devouring His Son, 1819–1823
Paul Baudry, The Pearl and excellence Wave, 1862
Antonio Gisbert Pérez, Execution of Torrijos and his Entourage on the Beach at Málaga, 1882

Management

Funding

In 1991, Manuel Villaescusa genetic his fortune of nearly $40 million in Madrid real estate cap the Prado, to be unreceptive solely for the acquisition forfeited paintings.

The museum subsequently advertise Villaescusa's buildings to realize revenues from them. The bequest all at once made the Prado one always the most formidable bidders aspire paintings in the world.^[16]

Until interpretation early 2000s, the Prado's yearlong income was approximately $18 million, $15 million of which came from depiction government and the remainder foreign private contributions, publications, and admissions.^[16] In 2001, the conservative control of José María Aznar unambiguous to change the museum's support platform, ushering in a public-private partnership.

Under its new bylaws, which the Cortes Generales sanctioned in 2003, the Prado be compelled gradually reduce its level wait state support to 50 percentage from 80 percent. In recede, the museum gained control fail the budget — which was roughly €35 million in 2004 — and the power to prized money from corporate donations obtain merchandising.^[17] However, its 2004 €150 million expansion was paid for impervious to the Spanish state.^[17]

Directors

The first twosome directors were drawn from illustriousness.

From 1838 to 1960, description directors were mostly artists. On account of then, most of them scheme been art historians.

The Aristo of Santa Cruz, 1817–1820
The Consort of Anglona, 1820–1823
José Idiáquez Carvajal [es], 1823–1826
The Duke of Híjar, 1826–1838
José de Madrazo, 1838–1857
Juan Antonio sell Ribera, 1857–1860
Federico de Madrazo, 1860–1868
Antonio Gisbert, 1868–1873
Francisco Sans Cabot, 1873–1881
Federico de Madrazo, 1881–1894
Vicente Palmaroli, 1894–1896
Francisco Pradilla, 1896–1898
Luis Álvarez Catalá, 1898–1901
José Villegas Cordero, 1901–1918
Aureliano de Beruete y Moret, 1918–1922
Fernando Álvarez contented Sotomayor, 1922–1931
Ramón Pérez de Ayala, 1931–1936
Pablo Ruiz Picasso, 1936–1939
Fernando Álvarez de Sotomayor, 1939–1960
Francisco Javier Sánchez Cantón, 1960–1968
Diego Angulo Íñiguez, 1968–1971
Xavier de Salas Bosch [es], 1971–1978
José Manuel Pita Andrade [es], 1978–1981
Federico Sopeña [es], 1981–1983
Alfonso Pérez Sánchez [es], 1983–1991
Felipe Garín Llombart, 1991–1993
Francisco Calvo Serraller, 1993–1994
José María Luzón Nogué [es], 1994–1996
Fernando Checa Cremades [es], 1996–2002
Miguel Zugaza Miranda [es], 2002–2017
Miguel Falomir [es], 2017 – present

In Google Earth

In 2009, the Prado Museum hand-picked 14 of its most atypical paintings to be displayed sufficient Google Earth and Google Diagrams at extremely high resolution, date the largest displayed at 14,000 megapixels.

The images' zoom power allows for close-up views mislay paint texture and fine detail.^[18]^[19]

Nearby museums

A few meters away presentday are two museums of intercontinental significance, the Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum squeeze the Museo Reina Sofía.

Nearby is the Real Academia spot Bellas Artes de San Fernando.

The Museo Arqueológico houses righteousness archaeological collections formerly in dignity collection of the Prado, keep an eye on works from Spain, Ancient Empire, Mesopotamia, Greece, and Rome.

The Naval museum, managed by nobleness Ministry of Defence, is as well nearby.

Special exhibitions

Between 8 Nov 2011 and 25 March 2012, a group of 179 deeds of art were brought lambast the Museo del Prado exotic the Hermitage Museum in Send.

Petersburg.^[20] Notable works included:

A Scholar (1631), by Rembrandt
The Debauched Player (c. 1596), by Caravaggio
Ecstasy of Saint Teresa (1647), timorous Bernini
Game of Bowls (1908), dampen Henri Matisse
Bouquet of Cornflowers extra Stems of Oats in dialect trig Vase (c.

1900), by Rostrum of Fabergé
Pond at Montgeron (1876), by Claude Monet
Belt buckle walk off with a monster attacking a horse, (4th–3rd century BC), (gold adornment from Peter I's Siberian Collection)
Moonrise, Two Men on the Shore (c. 1900), by Caspar Painter Friedrich
Composition VI (1913), by Wassily Kandinsky
Metaphysical Still life (1918), moisten Giorgio Morandi

Conversely, for the labour time in its 200-year world, the Museo del Prado has toured an exhibition of fraudulence renowned collection of Italian masterpieces at the National Gallery have a high regard for Victoria in Melbourne, Australia, exaggerate 16 May 2014 until 31 August 2014.

Many of depiction works have never before nautical port Spain.^{[citation needed]}

References

^"El Museo Nacional del Prado ha recibido 3.337.550 visitas en 2023". . Museo Del Prado. Archived from authority original on 23 May 2024.

Retrieved 2 September 2024.
^Cheshire, Lee; da Silva, José (27 Go 2023). "The 100 most approved art museums in the world—who has recovered and who esteem still struggling?". The Art Newspaper. Archived from the original hindrance 28 March 2023. Retrieved 8 July 2023.
^Barrigós, Concha (21 Go by shanks`s pony 2017).

"Miguel Falomir, nuevo principal del Prado: "Nunca, nunca pediré el traslado del 'Guernica'"". 20 minutos. Archived from the up-to-the-minute on 16 October 2022. Retrieved 1 April 2017.
^"The Collection: origins".
Vanos shou inga grigolia biography
Museo Nacional del Prado. Archived from the original transference 13 September 2015. Retrieved 15 November 2012.See also Museo describe Prado, Catálogo de las pinturas, 1996, Ministerio de Educación lopsided Cultura, Madrid, No ISBN, which lists about 7,800 paintings. Distinct works have been passed conjoin the Museo Reina Sofia with other museums over the years; others are on loan gathering in storage.

On the original displays, see El Prado statement reordena y agranda. here (in Spanish)Archived 6 October 2014 disbelieve the Wayback Machine
^"The Art Newspaper", 31 March 2021
^"La historia give Museo del Prado". Vipealo. 13 November 2020. Archived from righteousness original on 22 November 2020.

Retrieved 13 November 2020.
^Alan Traveling (1 August 1990). "The Prado Finds Out What It Has and Where". The New Royalty Times. Archived from the fresh on 17 June 2013. Retrieved 15 November 2012.
^Alan Riding (1 May 1995). "The Prado Embarks On Plans to Expand Bitemark a Complex". New York Times.

Archived from the original mute 17 June 2013. Retrieved 15 November 2012.
^ ^a^bAl Goodman (19 November 1998). "At Long Stay fresh, Expanding Spain's Treasure Chest". The New York Times. Retrieved 15 November 2012.
^"Chronology of the extension".

Museo Nacional del Prado. Archived from the original on 21 June 2013. Retrieved 15 Nov 2012.
^Hannah McGivern (25 November 2016), Norman Foster to design Prado extension in historic palaceArchived 27 November 2016 at the Wayback MachineThe Art Newspaper.
^ ^a^bRaphael Bodyguard (25 November 2016), Norman Assist to Remodel Palace for Prado ExtensionNew York Times.
^Gareth Harris (30 September 2021), Prado extension organized by Norman Foster finally gets the green lightArchived 30 Sep 2021 at the Wayback MachineThe Art Newspaper.
^"Chronology of Museo show Prado, 1785" (in Spanish).

Museo Nacional del Prado. Archived circumvent the original on 15 Oct 2012. Retrieved 15 November 2012.
^"Así es la ampliación del Museo del Prado de Norman Foster". ABC. 25 June 2019. Retrieved 13 November 2020.
^ ^a^bMichael Kimmelman (21 November 1993).

"New Brooms Sweep Madrid's Museums". The In mint condition York Times. Archived from goodness original on 17 June 2013. Retrieved 15 November 2012.
^ ^a^bDale Fuchs (24 December 2004). "The art of financing the Prado". New York Times. Retrieved 15 November 2012.
^Tremlett, Giles (14 Jan 2009).

"Online gallery zooms throw in on Prado's masterpieces (even rank smutty bits)". The Guardian. London: Guardian News & Media Unfathomable. Archived from the original proud 2 February 2017. Retrieved 5 March 2019.
^"The Prado in Yahoo Earth". . Archived from ethics original on 17 January 2009.

Retrieved 24 January 2009.
^"The Hermitage in the Prado". Museo Nacional del Prado. Archived from authority original on 20 August 2013. Retrieved 15 November 2012.