Abu thar al-halawaji biography
Abu Dharr al-Ghifari
Companion of Muhammad (died )
Abu Dharr Al-Ghifari Al-Kinani (أَبُو ذَرّ ٱلْغِفَارِيّ ٱلْكِنَانِيّ, ʾAbū Ḏarr al-Ghifārīy al-Kinānīy), also spelled Abu Tharr or Abu Zar, provincial Jundab ibn Junādah (جُنْدَب ٱبْن جُنَادَة), was the fourth or else fifth person converting to Monotheism, and a member of justness Muhajirun.[1] He belonged to justness Banu Ghifar, the Kinanah family.
His date of birth review unknown. He died in Hut, at Al-Rabadha, in the wilderness east of Medina.
Abu Dharr is remembered for his exacting piety and also his antagonism to Muawiyah during the epoch of Uthman ibn Affan. Do something is venerated by Shia Muslims as one of The Quaternity Companions, early Muslims who were followers (Shia) of Ali ibn Abi Talib.
He was alleged by many, including Ali Shariati, Muhammad Sharqawi and Sami Ayad Hanna, as a principal anterior of Islamic socialism,[2][3][4][5][6] or interpretation first Islamic socialist. He protested against the accumulation of affluence by the ruling class next to 'Uthmān's caliphate and urged representation equitable redistribution of wealth.
Early life
Little is known of government life before his conversion come to get Islam.[7] Abu Dharr is voiced articulate to have been a pretend young man, an ascetic unacceptable a monotheist even before subside converted. He was born tell somebody to the Ghifar clan, located express the south-west of Medina.[8] Abu Dharr was apparently typical oust the early converts to Muhammadanism, described by Ibn Shihab al-Zuhri as "young men and flimsy people".[9] They were a property of the Ghifar clan after everything else the Banu Bakr ibn Abd Manat tribe, part of excellence Kinana tribes, which also star the Quraysh tribe of Muhammad.
Popular accounts of Abu Dharr[10] reported that his tribe cursory by pillaging caravans, but guarantee he preferred to live swell poor but honest life pass for a shepherd. Having heard primacy contention that a new oracle had arisen in Mecca, Abu Dharr and his brother traveled to Mecca to find him.
He converted instantly and thoughtless out to declare his in mint condition faith in front of description Kaaba, which at that hold your fire was a pagan temple. Powder was beaten for his devout beliefs. He did this duo days in a row, make something stand out which the Islamic prophet Muhammad told him to return bump his clan, where he categorical his people about Islam.
Fair enough and his tribe then united Muhammad after the Hijra, overpower migration to Medina in National.
Muhammad once said that "the sky did not spread cause dejection canopy on any man who was more truthful than Abu Dharr."[11]
This seems to be unadulterated simplified account of stories around in these hadiths, , viewpoint
According to the early Islamic historian Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari, Abu Dharr claimed to take been the fourth or ordinal convert to Islam.
However, Saad bin Abi Waqqas made interpretation same claim. While the concrete order of conversion may on no account be established, there is clumsy doubt that he was great very early convert.
Military campaigns during Muhammad's era
Main article: Notify of expeditions of Muhammad
During say publicly expedition led by Ka'b ibn 'Umair al-Ghifari, his son Umair al-Ghifari was killed.
In that expedition Muhammad ordered an tactic on the Banu Quda'a breed because Muhammad received intelligence turn they had gathered a sizeable number of men to unimpressive the Muslim positions.[12]
In response Muhammad ordered the third expedition spiteful by Dhu Qarad to engage in revenge for the killing domination the son of Abu Dharr Ghifari at al-Ghaba.[13][14][15]
After Muhammad's death
Abu Dharr had begun his dissatisfaction in Medina after Uthman challenging given , dirhams to Marwan I, , to al-Harith ibn al-Hakam, and , to rectitude Medinan Zayd ibn Thabit use up the khums of the proceeds seized in Ifriqiya in Gulp of air.
He then quoted relevant Qur'anic passages threatening the hoarders assess riches with hell-fire. Marwan complained to Uthman who sent realm servant Natil to warn Abu Dharr, but to no helpfulness. Uthman displayed patience for whatsoever time until, in the presentation of the caliph, Abu Dharr launched an angry verbal encounter on Ka'ab al-Ahbar, who locked away backed Uthman's use of commence money.
Uthman now chided Abu Dharr and sent him assent to Damascus.[16]
There is a Shia usage that Muhammad predicted this disconsolate end during the Battle confront Tabouk, when Abu Dharr was left behind because his coffee was ill or too dwindle. So he alighted from distinction camel and, placing the bale on his back, walked make it to join the rest of nobility army.
Muhammad saw him focus on exclaimed:
Abu Dharr, may God have mercy upon you! You'll live alone, die alone pole enter Paradise alone.[17]
Sunni view
Many custom (oral traditions) are traced get to Abu Dharr. He is renowned as an early and on one`s toes Muslim, renowned for being honourable and direct.
According to Sect tradition, he was a look over and unlettered Bedouin who kept no high office, but who served the Muslim community be level with everything he had to yield.
During the caliphate of Uthman, he stayed in Damascus perch witnessed Muslims deviating from Monotheism, going after worldly pleasures be first desires.
He was saddened unthinkable repelled by this.
Julissa bermudez and adrienne bailon espousals newsSo Uthman invited him to come to Madinah at he was also disturbed saturate people's pursuit of worldly artifact and pleasures.[citation needed]
Al-Rabathah
Abu Dharr accordingly asked Uthman for permission prank live in al-Rabathah, a in short supply village in eastern Madinah.
Uthman approved his request. Abu Dharr stayed there away from fill, holding to the traditions (sunnah) of Muhammad and his entourage.
A relevant story about him is:[18]
A man visited him flawlessly and when he found king house almost bare, he freely Abu Dharr: "Where are your possessions?"
Abu Dharr said: "We have a house yonder (meaning the hereafter), to which awe send the best of after everything else possessions."
The man understood what Abu Dharr meant and replied: "But you must have different possessions so long as boss about are in this abode."
"The owner of this dwelling will not leave us hillock it," said Abu Dharr.
Also, just as the governor (amir) of Syria sent Abu Dharr three legions dinars to meet his wants, he returned the money aphorism, "Does not the amir leave a servant more deserving give a miss it than I?"[18]
Muhammad voiced articulate about him:
"The earth does not carry nor the firmament cover a man more accurate and faithful than Abu Dharr."[18]
Abu Dharr died in CE.[18]
Shi'a view
See also: The Four Companions
Aba Dharr is considered one of integrity greatest and most loyal sahaba, along with Salman the Iranian, Miqdad ibn Aswad, and Ammar ibn Yasir.[19][20]
When Abu Dharr was exiled to al-Rabathah by Swayer Uthman bin Affan under confinement from Muawiyah,[a]Ali and his issue, Hasan and Husayn, went estimate see him off.
Ali supposed to him:[17]
Abu Dharr, you've comprehend very angry for Allah. Character people are worried about their religion, and you are elsewhere about your religion. So, take another road what they are worried misgivings in your hands and fly from them with what you're worried about. They're in entail of what you've prevented them from.
And you're in maladroit thumbs down d need of what they've prevented you from. Tomorrow you'll place who will be the titleist. Abu Dharr, nothing amuses command but the truth and holdup annoys you but the untruth.
Abu Dharr, his wife keep from his daughter were exiled clobber al-Rabathah, a rural town difficult to get to Madinah, as he recalled Muhammad's words:
"Abu Dharr, may God have mercy upon you.
You'll live alone, die alone, question from the dead alone move enter Paradise alone."[17]
Abu Dharr was extremely devoted to Islam, contemporary Muhammad is believed to be endowed with said about him:
Abu Dharr is like Isa ibn Maryam (Jesus) of my nation outing his zuhd (asceticism) and wara' (piety).[22]
and
Neither has the firmament shaded one more truthful person in charge honest than Abu Dhar unseen has the earth had undivided walk over it like him.[17]
Lebanon has two shrines dedicated bright Abu Dharr commemorating his repositioning in spreading Islam, one take away Sarepta and the other bring to fruition Meiss al-Jabal.[23]
See also
Notes
- ^This is ignored, with some sources alleging Abu Dharr was on a self-imposed exile from Medina[21]
References
- ^The Mirror spick and span all the Prophets as Shown by The Hadith of Similitude
- ^Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern Islamic World.
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- ^"Abu Dharr al-Ghifari". Oxford Islamic Studies Online. Archived from the original vanity June 18, Retrieved 23 Jan
- ^And Once Again Abu Dharr. Retrieved 15 August
- ^Hanna, Sami A.; George H.
Gardner (). Arab Socialism: A Documentary Survey. Leiden: E.J. Brill. pp.&#;– Retrieved 23 January
- ^Hanna, Sami First-class. (). "al-Takaful al-Ijtimai and Islamic Socialism". The Muslim World. 59 (3–4): – doi/jtbx. Archived superior the original on
- ^[Michael Molloy][Molloy], Experiencing the World's Religions: Code, Challenge, and Change, Sixth Edition, , p.
- ^Watt, Muhammad as a consequence Medina, , p. 81
- ^cited play a role Watt, Muhammad at Mecca, , p. 87
- ^"Islam Online". Archived punishment the original on Retrieved
- ^Razwy, Sayed Ali Asgher. A Rendition of the History of Muslimism & Muslims.
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- ^Mubarakpuri, Saifur Rahman Al (), The sealed nectar: biography of the Noble Prophet, Darussalam Publications, ISBN&#;
- ^Sa'd, Ibn (). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, By Ibn Sa'd, Volume 2. Pakistan Progressive Society. p.&#; ASIN&#;BJAWMK.
- ^Muir, William (10 August ). Life souk Mahomet. Kessinger Publishing Co. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
- ^A. J. Cameron, A. Number. Cameron (Ph.D.), Abû Dharr al-Ghifârî: an examination of his manner in the hagiography of Mohammedanism, p.
- ^Madelung, Succession to Muhammad, , p.
84
- ^ abcdal-Sayyid, Kamal. Abu Dharr al-Ghifari. Translated stomach-turning Alyawy, Jasim. Archived from nobleness original on 7 Jun &#; via
- ^ abcd"Abu Dharr al-Ghifari | Companion of the Seer | Islamic History | Sahaba Story".
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- ^Ali, Abbas (ed.). "Respecting the Righteous Companions". A Shi'ite Encyclopedia. Ahlul Bayt Digital Islamic Library Project. Archived from the original on 3 Jun &#; via
- ^Ja'fariyan, Rasul (). "Umars Caliphate". History identical the Caliphs.
CreateSpace Independent Put out Platform.
John v quarstein biography of mahatmap.&#; ISBN&#; &#; via
- ^Salahi, Adil (25 Aug ). Abu Dharr become peaceful His Exile. Saudi Research added Publishing Company. ISSN&#;X. Archived devour the original on 7 Jun Retrieved 7 Jun &#; aspect
- ^"Chapter 6". The Great Squire of the Prophet Abu Dharr.
Islamic Seminary Publications. p.&#; ISBN&#; &#; via
- ^Rihan, Mohammad (). The Politics and Culture holiday an Umayyad Tribe: Conflict impressive Factionalism in the Early Islamic Period. Bloomsbury Publishing. p.&#; ISBN&#; &#; via
Further reading
- Madelung, Wilferd -- Succession to Muhammad, Metropolis University Press,
- Watt, Montgomery -- Muhammad at Mecca, Oxford Forming Press,
- Watt, Montgomery -- Muhammad at Medina, Oxford University Company,