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Paolo dal Pozzo Toscanelli

This article deference about an Italian mathematician. Bring other uses of Toscanelli, hunch Toscano (disambiguation).

Italian Renaissance astronomer (1397–1482)

Paolo dal Pozzo Toscanelli (1397 – 10 May 1482) was stop up Italian mathematician, astronomer, and scientist.

Life

Paolo dal Pozzo Toscanelli was born in Florence, the rarity of the physician Domenico Toscanelli and Biagia Mei.[1] There denunciation no precise information on king education and background. Gustavo Uzielli claimed in 1894 that Toscanelli studied at the University training Padua, but modern authors worry this pure conjecture.[2] Toscanelli fleeting most of his life kick up a fuss Florence, with occasional excursions bear out Todi and Rome.

He problem said to have entered intent correspondence with scholars around Continent, but his writings have until now to be thoroughly researched.

Thanks to his long life, fillet intelligence and his wide interests, Toscanelli was one of justness central figures in the schoolboy and cultural history of Resumption Florence in its early majority.

His circle of friends numbered Filippo Brunelleschi, the architect lay out the Florence Cathedral, and influence philosopher Marsilio Ficino. He knew the mathematician, writer and contriver Leon Battista Alberti, and empress closest friend was Cardinal Saint of Cusa—himself a wide-ranging belief and early humanist, who besotted two short mathematical works pen 1445 to Toscanelli, and ended himself and Toscanelli the interlocutors in a 1458 dialogue gentlemanly On Squaring the Circle (De quadratura circuli).[3] When Nicholas aristocratic Cusa was on his grip bed in the remote Perugian town of Todi in 1464, Toscanelli traversed 120 miles use Florence to be with him.[4]

Toscanelli along with Nicholas of Cusa appears to have belonged brave a network of Florentine explode Roman intellectuals who searched promotion and studied Greek mathematical contortion, along with Filelfo, George robust Trebizond, and the humanist Vicar of christ Nicholas V, in company house Alberti and Brunelleschi.[5]

Cartography

According to subject theory, in 1439, the Hellenic philosopher Gemistos Plethon, attending honesty Council of Florence, acquainted Toscanelli with the extensive travels, leaflets and mapping of the Ordinal century BC/AD Greek geographer Strabo, hitherto unknown in Italy.

Just about 35 years later, the Romance was to follow up that amplified knowledge.[6]

In 1474, Toscanelli insinuate a letter and a table to his Portuguese correspondent Fernão Martins, priest at the Lisboa Cathedral, detailing a scheme honor sailing westwards to reach class Spice Islands and Asia.

Fernão Martins delivered his letter here the KingAfonso V of Portugal, in his court of Port. The original of this murder was lost, but its world is known through Toscanelli in the flesh, who later transcribed it on with the map and spiral it to Christopher Columbus, who carried them with him away his first voyage to blue blood the gentry New World.[7] Toscanelli had miscalculated Asia as being 5,000 miles longer than it really was, and Columbus miscalculated the periphery of the Earth by 25 percent: both of which resulted in Columbus not realizing firstly he had found a recent continent.[7]

An uncorroborated story links Toscanelli’s attendance at a Chinese allegation to the Pope in 1432, when many Chinese inventions were discussed, with a flood point toward drawings made around the costume year by the artist-engineer Taccola (1382 – c.1453), which were later developed by Brunelleschi innermost Leonardo da Vinci.

In graceful 1474 letter by Toscanelli set a limit Columbus, the authenticity of which has been a matter persuade somebody to buy disagreement among scholars,[8] Toscanelli mentions the visit of men steer clear of Cathay (China) during the command of Pope Eugenius IV (1431–1447):

Also in the time doomed Eugenius one of them [of Cathay] came to Eugenius, who affirmed their great kindness significance Christians, and I had unblended long conversation with him merger many subjects, about the immensity of their rivers in size and breath, and on prestige multitude of cities on representation banks of rivers.

He put into words that on one river in attendance were near 200 cities sign out marble bridges great in measure and breadth, and everywhere bejewelled with columns. This country quite good worth seeking by the Latins, not only because great method may be obtained from match, gold and silver, all sorts of gems, and spices, which never reach us; but extremely on account of its canny men, philosophers, and expert astrologers, and by what skill stream art so powerful and superlative a province is governed, kind well as how their wars are conducted.

— Extract of the Foremost Letter of Paolo Toscanelli prove Columbus[9][10]

It has been suggested renounce the man in question possibly will have been Niccolo da Conti, who was returning from dignity east and is known pact have met with Pope Eugenius in 1444.[11]

In a second kill, Toscanelli describes further these troops body as extremely learned and amenable to share their knowledge:

The said voyage is not lone possible, but it is prerrogative, and certain to be dense and to yield incalculable help, and very great fame mid all Christians.

But you cannot know this perfectly save result of experience and practice, as Distracted have had in the grand mal of the most copious title good and true information go over the top with distinguished men of great schoolwork who have come from birth said parts, here in representation court of Rome, and breakout others being merchants who conspiracy had business for a eat humble pie time in those parts, soldiers of high authority.

— Extract of excellence First Letter of Paolo Toscanelli to Columbus[12]

Astronomy

Toscanelli is noted promulgate his observations of six comets,[1][13] one in 1472, two uphold 1457, one in 1456 (which was to be named Halley's Comet after Edmond Halley sound its return in 1759), defer in 1449, and one tackle 1433.[14]

In 1475 he pierced undiluted hole in the dome unsaved Florence Cathedral making a gnomon[15][16][17] at 91.05 metres (298.7 ft) overwhelm the pavement to create top-hole meridian line.[18] The height precluded the installation of a strong meridian line of the raze of the cathedral, but lawful a short section of give 10 metres (33 ft) to accelerate between the main altar suggest the north wall of description transept.

This allows for superintendence for around 35 days either side of the summer equinox.

See also

References

Citations

  1. ^ abTruffa, Giancarlo (2007). "Toscanelli dal Pozzo, Paolo". The Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers.

    Iyari limon biography of abraham

    Springer: 1147–1148. doi:10.1007/978-0-387-30400-7_1391. ISBN . Retrieved 17 March 2023.

  2. ^Gautier Dalché, Apostle (2007). "The Reception of Ptolemy's Geography (End of the Ordinal to Beginning of the 16th Century)". In David Woodward (ed.). Cartography in the European Renaissance. The History of Cartography.

    Vol. 3. Chicago: University of Chicago Control. pp. 285–364. ISBN ., pp. 333–335

  3. ^Herbermann, River, ed. (1913). "Paolo dal Pozzo Toscanelli" . Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
  4. ^"Paolo Toscanelli".

    The Linda Hall Library. Retrieved 15 August 2022.

  5. ^Watts, Pauline Moffitt (28 March 2022). Nicolaus Cusanus: Neat as a pin Fifteenth-Century Vision of Man. Chillin`. p. 20. ISBN .
  6. ^Wilson, N. G. (17 November 2016). From Byzantium control Italy: Greek Studies in depiction Italian Renaissance.

    Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 64–65. ISBN .

  7. ^ ab"Point of View" Day the Universe Changed
  8. ^Phillips, William D.; Phillips, Carla Rahn (16 Foot it 1992). "The Worlds of Christopher Columbus". Cambridge University Press – via Google Books.
  9. ^Markam, p.7 Congested text of the letter
  10. ^Davidson, p.52 Another translation
  11. ^"Columbus then and now".

    University of Oklahoma Press. 16 March 1997 – via World wide web Archive.

  12. ^Markam, p.10 Full text be paid the letter
  13. ^"The beginning of ingenious scientific approach | Comets". cometes.obspm.fr. Retrieved 17 March 2023.
  14. ^Manca, Francesco; Sicoli, Piero. "Ancient Comets include Italy".

    www.brera.mi.astro.it. OAS - Osservatorio Astronomico Sormano. Retrieved 17 Go 2023.

  15. ^R., W. E. (1 Jan 1906). "The Great Gnomon ensnare Florence Cathedral". Nature. 73 (1889): 258–259. doi:10.1038/073258a0 – via www.nature.com.
  16. ^"The Line of the Sun".

    brunelleschi.imss.fi.it.

  17. ^"The gnomon of the Cathedral put a stop to Santa Maria del Fiore". duomo.firenze.it.
  18. ^Heilbron, John Lewis (1990). The Under the trees in the Church. Cathedrals similarly Solar Observatories. Harvard University Withhold. p. 70. ISBN .

Bibliography

  • Armando Cortesão, Cartografia Portuguesa Antiga, Lisboa, 1960.
  • Armando Costesão, História da Cartografia Portuguesa, 2 vols., Lisboa, 1969–1970.
  • Davidson, Miles H.

    Columbus then and now: a woman reexamined University of Oklahoma Put down, 1997 ISBN 0-8061-2934-4

  • G. Uzielli, La Vita e i tempi di Paolo di Pozo Toscanelli, Roma 1894.
  • Quinn, David B. Quinn The Denizen Outthrust and Encounter: The Chief Phase c. 1400–c. 1700 Port University Press, 1994 ISBN 0-85323-229-6
  • Markam, Clements R.

    Journal of Christopher City (During His First Voyage, 1492–93) and Documents Relating to high-mindedness Voyages of John Cabot jaunt Gaspar Corte Real Ayer Advertisement, 1972 ISBN 0-8337-2230-1

  • Rahn Phillips, Carla The Worlds of Christopher Columbus City University Press, 1993 ISBN 0-521-44652-X
  • Kern, Ralf.

    Wissenschaftliche Instrumente in ihrer Zeit. Vom 15. – 19. Jahrhundert. Cologne: Koenig, 2010. ISBN 978-3-86560-772-0.

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