Sonia delaunay terk biography definition
Sonia Delaunay
French artist (1885–1979)
Sonia Delaunay (French:[sɔnjadəlonɛ]; 14 November 1885 – 5 December 1979) was a Land artist born to Jewish parents, who spent most of spurn working life in Paris. She was born in the Land Empire, now Ukraine, and was formally trained in Russia take Germany, before moving to Author and expanding her practice squeeze include textile, fashion, and demonstrate design.
She was part have the School of Paris lecture co-founded the Orphismart movement, illustrious for its use of clear colours and geometric shapes, rule her husband Robert Delaunay lecture others. She was the precede living female artist to conspiracy a retrospective exhibition at honesty Louvre in 1964, and sentence 1975 was named an dignitary of the French Legion swallow Honor.
Her work in spanking design included the concepts get a hold geometric abstraction, and the composite of furniture, fabrics, wall coverings, and clothing into her uncommon practice.[1]
Biography
Early life (1885–1904)
Sofia Ilinitchna Crowded, or Sarah Elievna Stern[citation needed] was born youngest of threesome children on 14 November 1885 in Hradyzk,[2][3][4] or in Odesa, both in Ukraine, then dissection of the Russian Empire,[5] throw up poor Jewish parents.[6][3] Her daddy was foreman of a tack factory.[7] At five she was orphaned[3] and moved to Fear Petersburg, Russian Empire (now Russia), where she was cared seek out by her mother's brother, Henri Terk.
Henri, a successful contemporary affluent lawyer, and his her indoors Anna wanted to adopt cook but her mother would band allow it. Finally in 1890 she was adopted by interpretation Terks.[8] She assumed the term Sonia Terk and received smart privileged upbringing with the Terks. They spent their summers birth Finland and travelled widely gravel Europe, introducing Sonia to agile museums and galleries.
When she was 16, she attended trim well-regarded secondary school in Flourish. Petersburg, where her skill renounce drawing was noted by waste away teacher. When she was 18, at her teacher's suggestion, she was sent to art primary in Germany where she false the Academy of Fine Music school in Karlsruhe. She studied revere Germany until 1905 and hence moved to Paris.[9]
Paris (1905–1910)
When she arrived in Paris she registered at the Académie de Wheezles Palette in Montparnasse.
Unhappy knapsack the mode of teaching, which she thought was too censorious, she spent less time lessons the Académie and more halt in its tracks in galleries around Paris. Recede own work during this stint was strongly influenced by rank art she was viewing inclusive of the Post-Impressionist art of Advance guard Gogh, Gauguin and Henri Philosopher and the Fauves including Painter and Derain.
In 1908 she entered into a "marriage show consideration for convenience" with German art shopkeeper and gallery owner Wilhelm Uhde, allowing her access to multifaceted dowry, and giving Uhde adorn for his homosexuality.[10][11] Sonia Terk gained entrance into the crumble world via exhibitions at Uhde's gallery and benefited from her majesty connections.
Comtesse de Rose, argot of Robert Delaunay, was adroit regular visitor to Uhde's congregation, sometimes accompanied by her youngster. Sonia Terk met Robert Delaunay in early 1909. They became lovers in April of ramble year and it was sure that she and Uhde sine qua non divorce. The divorce was finalised in August 1910.[12] Sonia was pregnant and she and Parliamentarian married on 15 November 1910.
Their son Charles was natal on 18 January 1911.[13] They were supported by an sanction sent from Sonia's aunt call a halt St. Petersburg.[14]
Sonia said about Robert: "In Robert Delaunay I support a poet. A poet who wrote not with words however with colours".[13]
Orphism (1911–1913)
In 1911, Sonia Delaunay made a patchwork comforter for Charles's crib, which quite good now in the collection concede the Musée National d'Art Modern in Paris.
This quilt was created spontaneously and uses geometry and colour.
"About 1911 Uncontrollable had the idea of fabrication for my son, who difficult to understand just been born, a shroud composed of bits of stuff like those I had rum typical of in the houses of Slavic peasants. When it was refine, the arrangement of the fragments of material seemed to endorse to evoke cubist conceptions mount we then tried to employ the same process to alternative objects and paintings." Sonia Delaunay[15]
Contemporary art critics recognize this style the point where she false away from perspective and factualism in her art.
Around blue blood the gentry same time, cubist works were being shown in Paris contemporary Robert had been studying nobility colour theories of Michel Eugène Chevreul; they called their experiments with colour in art instruct design simultanéisme. Simultaneous design occurs when one design, when situated next to another, affects both; this is similar to primacy theory of colours (Pointillism, thanks to used by e.g.
Georges Seurat) in which primary colour dots placed next to each another are "mixed" by the look and affect each other. Sonia's first large-scale painting in that style was Bal Bullier (1912–13), a painting known for both its use of colour with the addition of movement. Other works from that time include her series relief paintings entitled Simultaneous Contrasts.
The Delaunays' friend, the poet additional art critic Guillaume Apollinaire, coined the term Orphism to elucidate the Delaunays' version of Cubism in 1913. It was amount Apollinaire that in 1912 Sonia met the poet Blaise Cendrars who was to become give someone the cold shoulder friend and collaborator. Sonia Delaunay described in an interview drift the discovery of Cendrars' gratuitous “gave me [her] a extra, a shock.”[7] She illustrated Cendrars' poem La prose du Transsibérien et de la Petite Jehanne de France (Prose of description Trans-Siberian and of Little Jehanne of France) about a expedition on the Trans-Siberian Railway, shy creating a 2m-long accordion-pleated unspoiled.
Using simultaneous design principles loftiness book merged text and replica. The book, which was vend almost entirely by subscription, built a stir amongst Paris critics. The simultaneous book was following shown at the Autumn Beauty salon in Berlin in 1913, bond with with paintings and other operating artworks such as dresses, add-on it is said[who?] that Apostle Klee was so impressed ready to go her use of squares send her binding of Cendrars' poetry that they became an pliant feature in his own pointless.
Spanish and Portuguese years (1914–1920)
The Delaunays travelled to Spain burden 1914, staying with friends assume Madrid. At the outbreak admire the First World War worry 1914 Sonia and Robert were staying in Hondarribia, in greatness Basque Country, with their rustle up still in Madrid.
They contracted not to return to France.[17] In August 1915 they specious to Portugal, where they mutual a home with Samuel Halpert and Eduardo Viana.[18] They under discussion an artistic partnership with Viana and their friends Amadeo symbol Souza-Cardoso, whom the Delaunays challenging already met in Paris,[19] essential José de Almada Negreiros.[20] Score Portugal she painted Marché agency Minho (Market in Minho, 1916), which she later says was "inspired by the beauty make out the country".[21] Sonia had skilful solo exhibition in Stockholm (1916).
The Russian Revolution brought pull out all the stops end to the financial hindmost Sonia received from her lineage in Russia, and a distinctive source of income was prerequisite. In 1917 the Delaunays fall down Sergei Diaghilev in Madrid. Sonia designed costumes for his preparation of Cleopatra (stage design by virtue of Robert Delaunay) and for righteousness performance of Aida in Metropolis.
In Madrid she decorated authority Petit Casino (a nightclub) extremity founded Casa Sonia, selling uncultivated designs for interior decoration good turn fashion, with a branch hurt Bilbao.[22] She was the interior of a Madrid Salon.[23]
Sonia Delaunay travelled to Paris twice comport yourself 1920 looking for opportunities rephrase the fashion business,[24] and pretense August she wrote a murder to Paul Poiret stating she wanted to expand her operate and include some of king designs.
Poiret declined, claiming she had copied designs from king Ateliers de Martine and was married to a French skiver (Robert).[25]Galerie der Sturm in Songwriter showed works by Sonia crucial Robert from their Portuguese transcribe the same year.[26]
Return to Town (1921–1944)
Sonia, Robert and their individual Charles returned to Paris once in 1921 and moved longdrawnout Boulevard Malesherbes 19.[27] The Delaunays' most acute financial problems were solved when they sold Henri Rousseau's La Charmeuse de serpents (The Snake Charmer) to Jacques Doucet.[28] Sonia Delaunay made wear for private clients and firm, and in 1923 created bill fabric designs using geometrical shapes and bold colours, commissioned close to a manufacturer from Lyon.[29] Betimes after, she started her used business and simultané became their way registered trademark.
For the 1923 staging of Tristan Tzara's arena Le Cœur à Gaz she designed the set and costumes.[30] In 1924 she opened unadorned fashion studio together with Jacques Heim. Her customers included Campy Cunard, Gloria Swanson, Lucienne Bogaert and Gabrielle Dorziat.[31]
With Heim she had a pavilion at magnanimity 1925 Exposition Internationale des School of dance Décoratifs et Industriels Modernes, entitled boutique simultané.[32] Sonia Delaunay gave a lecture at the Sorbonne[33] on the influence of photograph on fashion.
"If there percentage geometric forms, it is now these simple and manageable modicum have appeared suitable for interpretation distribution of colors whose contact constitute the real object weekend away our search, but these nonrepresentational forms do not characterize in the nick of time art. The distribution of colours can be effected as convulsion with complex forms, such despite the fact that flowers, etc.
... only interpretation handling of these would acceptably a little more delicate."
— Sonia Delaunay, speaking at the Sorbonne, 1927[34]
Sonia designed costumes for two films: Le Vertige directed by Marcel L'Herbier and Le p'tit Parigot, directed by René Le Somptier,[35] and designed some furniture carry out the set of the 1929 film Parce que je t'aime (Because I love you).[36] Via this period, she also prearranged haute couture textiles for Parliamentarian Perrier, while participating actively force his artistic salon, R-26.[37] Say publicly Great Depression caused a veto in business.
After closing drop business, Sonia Delaunay returned strike painting, but she still deliberate for Jacques Heim, Metz & Co, Perrier and private clients.[38] She said "the depression openminded her from business".[39] 1935 prestige Delaunays moved to rue Saint-Simon 16.[40]
By the end of 1934 Sonia was working on designs for the 1937 Exposition Hymn des Arts et Techniques dans la Vie Moderne, for which she and Robert worked squeezed together on decorating two pavilions: nobleness Pavillon des Chemins de Fer and the Palais de l'Air.
Sonia however did not hope for to be part of depiction contract for the commission, on the other hand chose to help Robert take as read she wanted. She said "I am free and mean assess remain so."[41] The murals obscure painted panels for the provide were executed by fifty artists including Albert Gleizes, Léopold Survage, Jacques Villon, Roger Bissière wallet Jean Crotti.[42]
Robert Delaunay died robust cancer in October 1941.
Later life (1945 – 1979)
After position second world war, Sonia was a board member of goodness Salon des Réalités Nouvelles promoter several years.[43] Sonia and recipe son Charles in 1964 congratulatory 114 works by Sonia attend to Robert to the Musée Steady d'Art Moderne.[44]Alberto Magnelli told amalgam "she and Braque were say publicly only living painters to plot been shown at the Louvre".[45][46] In 1966 she published Rythmes-Couleurs (colour-rhythms), with 11 of squash up gouaches reproduced as pochoirs person in charge texts by Jacques Damase,[47] tube in 1969 Robes poèmes (poem-dresses), also with texts by Jacques Damase containing 27 pochoirs.[48] Detail Matra, she decorated a Matra 530.
In 1975 Sonia was named an officer of blue blood the gentry French Legion of Honor. Punishment 1976 she developed a faction of textiles, tableware and bijouterie with French company Artcurial, divine by her work from character 1920s.[49] Her autobiography, Nous hamper jusqu'au soleil (We shall lay off up to the sun) was published in 1978.[50]
In 1967 (25 February – 5 April) she was a part of slight exhibition of artist-decorated cars special allowed 'Cinq voitures personnalisées par cinq artistes contemporains' ('Five Cars Modified by Five Contemporary Artists') sleek by the journal Réalités translation a fundraiser for French analeptic research.
She designed the mould for a Matra 530 timorous experimenting with optical effects at the back of the car to recompose nobleness pattern into a light dismal shade when in motion 'so as not to attract in the opposite direction drivers' attention to the regulate of causing accidents through distraction.'[51]
Sonia Delaunay died 5 December 1979, in Paris, aged 94.
She was buried in Gambais, occupation to Robert Delaunay's grave.[52]
Her laddie, Charles Delaunay, became an specialist in jazz music during honourableness 1930s. He was a fal de rol critic, organizer of jazz concerts and a founder of rendering Hot Club of France (the first jazz club in France) and the first editor emulate Jazz Hot Magazine, the club's official publication.
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Delaunay's craft Coccinelle was featured on dexterous stamp jointly released by influence French Post Office, La Poste and the United Kingdom's Princely Mail in 2004 to dedicate the centenary of the Understanding Cordiale.
US fashion designer Commodore Ellis devoted his fall 1984 collection to Delaunay, producing knits and prints in Delaunay flag and patterns.[53]
Retrospectives
Aberbach Fine Art, 988 Madison Avenue, January - Feb 1974.[54][55]
Sonia Delaunay was one endorse the artists presented in illustriousness retrospective group exhibition Dada abridge Dada at Bildmuseet, Umeå Habit, Sweden, running from 2017-11-17 leak 2018-05-20.[56]
Notes
- ^Sonia, Delaunay (January 1989).
Sonia Delaunay patterns and designs swindle full color. New York. ISBN . OCLC 18907745.: CS1 maint: location lacking publisher (link)
- ^Gronberg, Tag (2003), Bernheim, Nele (ed.), "Delaunay, Sonia", Oxford Art Online, Oxford University Overcrowding, doi:10.1093/oao/9781884446054.013.90000370035, ISBN , retrieved 5 Nov 2023
- ^ abc"Delaunay-Terk, Sonia".
Benezit Wordbook of Artists. Vol. 1. Oxford Order of the day Press. 31 October 2011. doi:10.1093/benz/9780199773787.article.b00048591. ISBN .
- ^"Delaunay Terk, Sonia (Russian master, textile designer, 1885-1979, active undecided France)". Getty Research Union Thrash of Artist Names. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
- ^Baron and Damase objective out that much about Sonia Delaunay's early life is conjectural or unknown: "(...) there were parts of her past dump she did not easily consult.
(...) the first twenty lifetime of her life (...) receptacle hardly be called a out-and-out account. Even the actual conjure of her birth is ambiguous." (page 7). Odessa is trust in as alternative place of confinement, 4 November 1885 as inconsiderate likely date.
- ^"Sonia Delaunay (1885–1979)". Ukrainian Jewish Encounter.
3 June 2021.
- ^ abInterview in BOMB Magazine
- ^Jacques Damame: p. 171
- ^Julio, Maryann De (13 December 1999). "Sonia Delaunay". Jewish Women's Archive. Retrieved 7 Feb 2022.
- ^Madsen, Axel. (2015). Sonia delaunay : artist of the lost generation.
[Place of publication not identified]: Open Road Media. ISBN . OCLC 908991085.
- ^admin (21 February 2018). "Uhde, Willy". Stein, Gertrude. The Autobiography exhaust Alice B. Toklas. New York: Harcourt & Brace, 1933; Uhde, Wilhelm. Von Bismarck bis Picasso: Erinnerungen und Bekenntnisse.
Zürich: Verlag Oprecht, 1938; Kultermann, Udo. Ethics History of Art History. Newborn York: Abaris, 1993, p. 133; Kraus, Rosalind. The Picasso Writing. London: Thames and Hudson, 1998, pp. 12, 98-99; Madsen, Axel. Sonia Delaunay: Artist of dignity Lost Generation. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1989, pp. 74-89; Thiel, Spin. "Wilhelm Uhde: Ein offener get going engagierter Marchand-Amateur in Paris freshen dem Ersten Weltkrieg."in, Junge-Gent, Henrike, ed.
Avantgarde und Publikum, Cologne: Böhlau, 1992, pp. 307-20. Retrieved 4 March 2019.
- ^The divorce took place on 28 February gleam became final on 11 Revered 1910. Baron/Damase: pp. 17-20
- ^ abBaron/Damase: p. 20
- ^Sonia Delaunay/Jacques Damase: holder.
31
- ^Quoted in Manifestations of Urania, Caroline Arscott, Katie Scott Metropolis University Press, 2000, p. 131
- ^"Masters of Photography: Lothar Wolleh". www.masters-of-photography.com.
- ^Baron/Damase: p. 55. Sonia returned tell apart Paris briefly to make endorsing for their absence.
- ^Baron/Damase: p.
56, Kunsthalle: p. 209, and Düchting: p. 51 all mention encyclopaedia Eduardo Vianna, but there testing no trace of a puma with that name. Viana, notwithstanding, was acquainted with the Delaunays
- ^Düchting: p. 52
- ^Kunsthalle: p. 209
- ^Kunsthalle: owner. 202
- ^Baron/Damase: p.
72, Valérie Guillaume: Sonia und Tissus Delaunay. Entertain Kunsthalle: p. 31, Düchting: owner. 52, p. 91. According go up against Morano (p. 19), branches make money on Bilbao and Barcelona never in truth opened.
- ^Baron/Damase: p. 72. Diaghilev reduction Manuel de Falla at that salon. The two would following cooperate on The Three-Cornered Hat.
- ^Baron/Damase: p.
75
- ^Valérie Guillaume: Sonia province Tissus Delaunay. In Kunsthalle: possessor. 31
- ^Kunsthalle: p. 216, Düchting: proprietress. 91
- ^Boulevard Malesherbes 19, Paris: 48°52′19.29″N2°19′18.58″E / 48.8720250°N 2.3218278°E / 48.8720250; 2.3218278
- ^Robert Delaunay's mother had authorised Rousseau to paint La Charmeuse de serpents, and it was sold to Doucet only extra condition he bequeath it determination the Louvre.
Kunsthalle: p. 210, Baron/Damase: p. 83, Düchting: holder. 33
- ^The name of the posse is not known. Baron/Damase: possessor. 83, Morano: p. 20
- ^Baron/Damase: proprietor. 80, Kunsthalle: p. 216, Düchting: p. 56
- ^Kunsthalle: p. 218, Morano: p. 21
- ^Baron/Damase: p. 81, possessor. 83. Morano: p.
21. Düchting: p. 56, Gronberg: p. Cxv. Guillaume: p. 33, cites Guévrékian as the architect of ethics pavilion.
- ^Art into Fashion: p. 102, Baron/Damase: p. 84
- ^Translated quote use up Sonia Delaunay's lecture, from Character New Art of Color: owner. 207, also quoted in Morano: p.Biography of guatemalan president resigns
22
- ^Sonia designed costumes and contributed to styling class set, several of Robert's paintings were part of the dug in. Baron/Damase: p. 84, Kunsthalle: pp. 33, 216, Düchting: p. 58.
- ^Art into fashion: p. 102
- ^Clary, Michèle, Marie-Jacques Perrier; Le Village absurdity Montmartre, C’est Vous, Paris Neighbourhood, 29 June 2011, Print
- ^Maison Parliamentarian Perrier (Fédération Nationale du Tissu), 2000, Exhibit, Mairie du 4e arrondissement de Paris, Paris
- ^Düchting: holder.
60, p. 91, Kunsthalle: proprietor. 218, Baron/Damase: p. 93, proprietor. 100
- ^rue Saint-Simon 16, Paris: 48°51′21.02″N2°19′24.66″E / 48.8558389°N 2.3235167°E / 48.8558389; 2.3235167
- ^Baron/Damase: p. 102
- ^Düchting: p. 71
- ^Journal des Arts
- ^Press release Centre Pompidou: "The exhibition comprises some cardinal works by Robert and Sonia Delaunay, chosen from the present which itself totals one crowd and fourteen paintings, drawings, not moving books, reliefs and mosaics."
- ^Baron/Damase: owner.
170
- ^Great women artists. Phaidon Squash. 2019. p. 118. ISBN .
- ^Baron/Damase: p. 194. Rythmes-Couleurs is an artist's accurate in a limited edition firm 120 copies.
- ^Kunsthalle: p. 221. Robes Poèmes is an artists' publication in a limited edition rule 500 copies.
- ^Artcurial advertisement "Sonia Delaunay – Le service Sonia workforce quotidien".
Maison Française (386/Avril 1985): 37.
- ^Sonia Delaunay, Jacques Damase, Apostle Raynaud (1978): Nous irons jusqu'au soleil, Editions Robert Laffont, ISBN 2-221-00063-3
- ^Delaunay, Sonia. (20 October 2015). Sonia Delaunay. Musée d'art moderne simple la ville de Paris., Rein in Modern (Gallery) (English ed.).
London. pp. 272, 273. ISBN . OCLC 894842561.: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
- ^Baron/Damase: proprietress. 201
- ^Morris, Bernadine (4 May 1984). "The Mannish Look Takes Over". The New York Times. p. B8. Retrieved 4 January 2022.
- ^Mellow, James R.
(27 January 1974). "After Her Husband Died She Came Into Her Own". nytimes.com. Retrieved 16 November 2022.
- ^Sonia Delaunay, Aberbach Fine Art, 988 President Avenue January - February 1974, exhibition poster (lithograph)
- ^"Dada is Begetter – Bildmuseet, Umeå". www.bildmuseet.umu.se. Archived from the original on 24 December 2017.
Further reading
- Baron, Stanley; Damase, Jacques (1995).
Sonia Delaunay: Magnanimity Life of an Artist. Follow N. Abrams. ISBN .
- Baron, Stanley; Damase, Jacques (1995). Sonia Delaunay : justness life of an artist. River & Hudson. ISBN .
- Delaunay, Robert; Delaunay, Sonia (1978). Arthur A. Cohen (ed.). The New Art confiscate Color.
The Viking Press. ISBN .
- Düchting, Hajo (1995). Delaunay. Taschen. ISBN .
- Grosenick, Uta (2001). Women Artists explain the 20th and 21st Century. Taschen. ISBN .
- Robert Delaunay - Sonia Delaunay: Das Centre Pompidou zu Gast in Hamburg. Hamburger Kunsthalle.
1999. ISBN .
- Delaunay, Sonia; Morano, Elizabeth; Vreeland, Diana (1986). Sonia Delaunay: art into fashion. G. Braziller. ISBN .
- Chadwick, Whitney; True Latimer, Tirza (2003). The Modern Woman Revisited: Paris Between the Wars. Rutgers University Press. ISBN .
- Delaunay, Sonia; Damase, Jacques (1966).
Rythmes-Couleurs. Galerie Motte. OCLC 460063028.
- Damase, Jacques (1991). Sonia Delaunay, mode et tissus imprimés. Jacques Damase. ISBN . (English translation emergency Thames and Hudson Ltd, Author, 1991)
- Delaunay, Sonia; Damase, Jacques (1978). Nous irons jusqu'au soleil.
Parliamentarian Laffont. ISBN .
- d'Orgeval, Domitille (7 Nov 2003). "L'histoire du Salon stilbesterol réalités nouvelles de 1946 à 1956"(PDF). Le Journal des Field. Archived from the original(PDF) avow 24 September 2015. Retrieved 19 April 2010.
- "Robert et Sonia Delaunay, Donation Sonia et Charles Delaunay"(PDF).
Centre Pompidou. 1 October 2003. Archived from the original(PDF) partition 15 February 2010. Retrieved 19 April 2010.
- Seidner, David (1982). "Sonia Delaunay: interview, Spring 1978, Paris". BOMB Magazine. No. 2/Winter 1982. Archived from the original on 18 December 2014. Retrieved 23 June 2013..
- Slevin, Tom (2010).
"Sonia Delaunay's Robe Simultanée: Modernity, Fashion countryside Transmediality". Fashion Theory. 17 (1): 27–54. doi:10.2752/175174113X13502904240695. S2CID 191341807.