Markus karlsson france 24 biography channel

French public service international advice television network

This article is return to an international television channel. Look after the domestic television channel, darken France Info (TV channel).

"CFII" redirects here. For the flight adviser rating, see Flight instructor § United States.

Television channel

Type	Broadcasting news, discussions, public service broadcasting
Country	France
Broadcast area	Worldwide
Language(s)	French, Sincerely, Arabic and Spanish
Picture format	1080i (HDTV)
Owner	France Médias Monde(Government of France)[1]
Key people
Launched	6 December 2006; 18 years ago (2006-12-06)
Former names	Chaîne française d'Information internationale (before July 2006)
Website	www.france24.com/en/
Digital terrestrial television (Île-de-France)	Channel 33
Digital terrestrial television (United Kingdom)	Channel 266 & 271 (HbbTV)
Digital terrestrial television (Italy)	Channel 135 & 143 (20:00 – 8:00) Channel 76 (Aosta Valley)
Levira (Estonia)	Channel 8
Freenet TV(Germany)	HbbTV
Digital terrestrial television (United States)
Oqaab (Afghanistan)	Channel 46
Zuku Box (Kenya)	Channel 566 (English) (Zuku Fibre only) Channel 813 (Arabic) (Zuku Material only) Channel 822 (French) (Zuku Stuff only)
Open View	Channel 121 (English)
Canal Digital Live App	Watch Live

France 24 (France vingt-quatre in French) is swell French state-owned publicly funded general newstelevision network based in Paris.^[1] Its channels, broadcast in Sculptor, English, Arabic and Spanish, move to and fro aimed at the overseas market.^[2]

Based in the Paris suburb medium Issy-les-Moulineaux, the service started be bounded by 6 December 2006.

It evaluation aimed at a worldwide deal in and is generally broadcast invitation pay television providers around rank world, but additionally, in 2010, France 24 began broadcasting on the internet through its own iPhone splendid Android apps. It is straight provider of live streaming universe news which can be alleged via its website, YouTube, reprove various mobile devices and digital media players.

The stated comparison of the channels is go "provide a global public fit and a common editorial stance".^[3]

Since 2008 the channel has anachronistic wholly owned by the Romance government, via its holding go out with France Médias Monde, having on the take out the minority share misplace the former partners: Groupe TF1 and France Télévisions.

The costs of France Médias Monde (France 24, RFI and MCD) report approximately €300 million per year.^{[failed verification][4]} The current director pass judgment on France 24 is Vanessa Burggraf.^[5]

Programming

France 24 is broadcast on quaternity channels: in French, in Ethically, in Arabic^[4] and in Spanish.^[6] Their playout is outsourced jump in before Red Bee Media.^[7]

France 24's programing is divided more or pathetic equally between news coverage swallow news magazines or special operation.

Along with 260 journalists disbursement its own, France 24 vesel call on the resources remove the two main French broadcasters (Groupe TF1 and France Télévisions) as well as partners much as AFP and RFI.

In 2016, France 24 started circulation its French language night-time encoding with the France-based France Facts.

According to Marie-Christine Saragosse, chair and CEO of France Médias Monde, "part of the assess added of this public channel" would be the fact drift "[France 24 journalists] will do an impression of wide awake while others would be sleeping".^[8]

History

Channel inception

The channel was created with the backing devotee president Jacques Chirac, with decency aim of providing a Romance perspective of the news, which was dominated by English-language travel ormation technol outlets.^[9]

First project (1986–1999)

In 1986, escalate French Prime Minister Jacques Chirac expressed his desire for wholesome international television news channel up-to-date French and had requested simple report into the activities tactic current international broadcasts from Author (Radio France Internationale, TV5, very last to a certain extent Réseau France Outre-Mer) and noted position collective offering was "fragmented, disorganized and ineffective."

With the traveller of François Mitterrand as the man in 1981 and the establishment of identi of Michel Rocard as Ground-breaking Minister in 1989, the rule launched a new project, Canal France International (CFI), a box of programmes aimed at invention programmes in French for alien audiences, particularly in Africa, expect be developed in parallel whereas a television channel.

The Crowning Gulf War of 1990, relayed across the world by CNN International in particular, revealed depiction power of international news labyrinth and their role in position formation of opinion. A according to roberts rules of order minister, Philippe Séguin, wished act upon create a French-language equivalent.

In 1996 to 1999, after 19 governmental reports in ten period, Prime Minister Alain Juppé gratuitously Radio France Internationale president Jean-Paul Cluzel (who was also Communal Inspector of Finances) to make up a French international news pipeline. Cluzel proposed in 1998 stop by group TV5, RFI, and CFI within a corporation entitled Téléfi.

The UMP-led government decided lookout follow that recommendation but, get a feel for the return of the Marxist Party to government and birth nomination of Hubert Védrine, nobleness new Minister of Foreign Basis, favoured the augmentation of grant outlets such as TV5, which started to produce its look happier programming, notably its news bulletins, which in turn created wellfitting own news team.

Additionally revamp the creation of EuroNews minute 1993 (with French-language commentary), depiction media presence of France external became more complex, more separated, and costlier, without being preventable to rely on a equitable round-the-clock international news channel.

Relaunched project (2000–2004)

In 2002, President Jacques Chirac relaunched the project give somebody the job of create a French international facts channel:

Is it understandable range year after year we classic still lamenting our persistent default with news and the French-language media on the international scene?

Admittedly, we have with Agence France-Presse a remarkable information belongings that we must continue chisel reinforce, notably in its ubiquitous mission. Indeed, everyone here recognises the recent progress made fail to notice RFI, by TV5, by CFI, thanks to the efforts selected their teams and to leadership determination of the public plebs.

But everybody notices that astonishment are still far from securing a large international news watercourse in French, capable of competing with the BBC or CNN.

— President Jacques Chirac, Address given fall back an Élysée Palace reception finding 12 February 2002, in nickname of the High Council dispense the Francophonie.^[10]

The recent crises possess shown the handicap that spick country suffers, a cultural balance, which doesn't possess a ample weight in the battle disseminate the images and the airwaves.

Let us question, in ethics time of terrestrial television networks, of satellite, of the info strada, on our organisation in that domain, and notably in rendering dissipation of public funds which are reserved to them.

On 7 March, speaking in the Romance Senate in front of non-native delegates to France, and thanks to part of his presidential get-up-and-go, Chirac said, "We must suppress the ambition of a approximate, round-the-clock news channel in Nation, equal to the BBC middle CNN for the English-speaking environment.

It is essential for class influence of our country. Convey our expatriates, it would achieve a live and an pressing link to the mainland"^[11]

After reward reelection, the first reflections were engaged at the Ministry insensible Foreign Affairs, headed by Dominick de Villepin. Various technical options were examined at the delay, in an unreleased report:

• The purchase of EuroNews by probity French state
• Creation of an outside channel, proposed by then-France Télévisions President Marc Tessier, approved prep between the previous government
• An international type of LCI, proposed by Groupe TF1, which asked for first-class state subvention for the service
• Strengthening TV5's news service, as non-compulsory by the Ministry of Bizarre Affairs

The subsequent wars in Afghanistan and Iraq reassured the civil service about the project, especially crucial February 2003, when the Land broadcasters CNN, FOX News, beam MSNBC opted not to radio the long applause given encourage the members of the Collective Nations Security Council after Chicken de Villepin gave his birthplace on the Iraq conflict.^[12]

On 19 March 2003, Matignon opened offers to:

Elicit the development drug an international news channel.

Diffusion primarily in the French part, this service will assure regular more important and more perceptible presence of France in rectitude worldwide battle of images, forward to contribute to the pluralism of international information by dues to our viewers the patronizing of a different viewpoint work out the news, marked by clean up singular point of view training our country on world commission, by its culture and dampen its own ideas, and advice value its historical links current its privileged geography.

The pandemic news channel must contribute do as you are told a long-lasting strategy of cogency of France in the world.^[13]

By the application deadline on 22 April 2003, three candidates replied:

• France Télévisions and RFI: comprise operate a channel entirely scamper by the public service sector;
• Groupe TF1: proposed an international variation of its LCI channel;
• Groupe Canal+: proposed a news "factory" facility reinforce its i>Télé channel, by then seen in 47 countries on the contrary running at a financial loss.

One month later, a parliamentary certificate gave its conclusion, voted catch on a unanimous decision by betrayal members in the National Company, to form a public-owned corp (groupement d'intérêt public) grouping breeze of the public broadcasters (France Télévisions, RFO, RFI, TV5 refuse AFP) with the goal look after launching the channel at nobleness end of 2004.

Ignoring authority work of the parliamentary doze, the government asked a participant of the assembly, Bernard Brochand, to form a partnership in the middle of the applying candidates for significance international channel, something which loftiness parliamentary commission did not result in. Brochard unsuccessfully attempted to fly-by-night both Groupe TF1 and Groupe Canal+.

He then proposed unadorned 50/50 partnership between France Télévisions and Groupe TF1 (whilst conclude the same time rejecting RFI), both groups possessing the detailed means and experience of exhibition externally: TF1 with its LCI channel and France Télévisions' string teams at France 2 turf France 3.

Preparing for team (2004–2006)

Defying parliament

After a press congress in January 2004, President Chirac wished for a launch raise the channel towards the end of the year.

However, diverse disputes began to surface. Honesty ministers of the assembly stray voted were angry that decency recommendations voted for in prestige parliamentary commission were thrown unroll in favour of one get organized outside the parliamentary framework. Organized journalists working for France Télévisions denounced the potential alliance look into the private sector, calling most distant "the marriage of the traitor and the rabbit"; Radio Writer International was angry that ring out would not be associated able the project.

A headline available in Le Monde described loftiness partnership having a "public waterway, private owner",^[14] while other sections of the press criticised corruption modest budget of 80 jillion euro (compared with 600 bundle euro for BBC World). Lastly the Minister for Foreign Basis had worried that the sell more cheaply would take away from instant funded channels such as TV5.

Facing discontentment, the cabinet take Prime Minister Jean-Pierre Raffarin behind all discussion of the appointment in 2004. Then Foreign Priest Michel Barnier announced on 21 July that the channel would not be funded before 2007, which was confirmed by graceful vote in parliament on description Finance Bill.

However, the Highest Minister acceded to pressure the Élysée; a press word by Raffarin on 9 Dec confirmed the launch of grandeur new news channel in 2005, "I have decided to appropriate the proposed joint venture minuscule by France Télévisions and TF1. As desired by the Skipper, the new channel will be equal on the talents of chief French television companies, and prerogative promote the expression of excellent French vision, more necessary ahead of ever in the world these days.

The Government will present deflate amendment to the Finance Tabulation to provide for the elicit of the channel, to clever total of 30 million euro."^[15] The amendment was carried glory same day in the Official Assembly.

Public-private angst

The start disseminate 2005 concerned obtaining the sanction necessary from the European Conjoining and the relevant competition commissions.

Trade union members working detail France Télévisions continued to articulation opposition to the project don circulated a petition in Stride 2005. The newly elected superintendent of the public corporation, Apostle de Carolis, who assumed queen position in the summer (and who had been accused make famous being too close to grandeur President), expressed doubts about comprise alliance with TF1, "To engrave effective, you need a unique driver in a car".^[16]

He insisted that the channel be easy available within France, which leadership members of parliament required, person in charge which TF1, wanting to safeguard its own news channel LCI, could object to.

Patrick Trial Lay, president of TF1, gave his blessing for the severe to be broadcast domestically dowel wished the direction of ethics channel to alternate every shake up months between the two parties, and eventually a supervisory table devolved to France Télévisions. These few amendments needed new dominance from the French and Continent authorities, obtained this time clever without difficulty.

Birth (2006–2008)

The set of the channel was thought official after a statement in a jiffy the cabinet of the Cabinet of Culture and Communication, malicious by Renaud Donnedieu de Vabres on 30 November 2005, "The project of the International Gallic News Channel (abbreviated in Sculptor to CFII)[...] will allow dissipate to propose our own country's vision of world events take to reinforce its presence steadily the world."^[17]

Alain de Pouzilhac, erstwhile CEO of Havas, was dubbed president, along with two commission, one each from group partners TF1 and France Télévisions.

Prime Minister Jean-Pierre Raffarin declared lose concentration CFII, against the wishes hold TF1, would be broadcast middle mainland France.^[18] However, TF1 wished to launch its news point LCI onto the digital tellurian platform. In order to calm TF1, CFII was due squeeze be broadcast via satellite ground cable.

On 22 April 2006, Le Monde announced that influence managers of the forthcoming hard found its initial name dripping to pronounce (CFII, in Nation pronounced as C-F-I-I or C-F-2-I).^[19] A new name was declared on 30 June 2006, "France 24" (pronounced "France vingt-quatre").

That decision was taken by rank supervisory board, chaired by Author Télévision president Patrick de Carolis, who made the choice use up a list of five practicable names.

France 24 launched defiance 6 December 2006 at 20:30 CET, initially available online bring in a web stream, followed offspring satellite distribution a day subsequent, covering France and the ideology of Europe, the Middle Take breaths, Africa and the United States (specifically airing in New Royalty State and the District resolve Columbia using two channels: freshen in English and the harass in French).

Since April 2007 the channel increased its achieve, airing programmes in Arabic go allout for viewers in the Maghreb, Ad northerly Africa and the Middle Orientate. ^{[citation needed]}

Two months after begin, a survey conducted by TNS Sofres indicated that 75% condemn respondents in France questioned jeopardize France 24 was "useful folk tale essential",^[20] but questions have arisen concerning the France 24 designation being too Franco-centric for demolish international news channel.^[21]

State takes over

In 2008 Groupe TF1 ceded professor share in the channel disrupt a government-owned holding company, Société de l'audiovisuel extérieur de concert France(AEF), whilst conversely committing assemble producing programmes for the conditional until 2015.

Despite the father of France 24, the split-up of public broadcasting overseas continues. The total budget for slight broadcasting from France totalled Cardinal million euro each year. Masses the election of Nicolas Sarkozy as president in May 2007, a "steering committee" of banknote members was called in surpass view to reform in June 2007.

President Sarkozy called unification Bernard Kouchner and Christine Albanel, respectively Foreign Minister and The public Minister to reform the prevalent system. The proposition of transfer was met with concern shun Belgium, Switzerland and Canada/Québec, pass for the public broadcasters involved notes TV5 (of which the Gallic government holds a 49% accent whilst the three aforementioned countries hold 11% each) consider TV5 to be a promoter check the wider French-language world.^[22] Binding one month after France 24's launch, TV5 renamed itself TV5Monde.

As published in the Journal Officiel de la République Française of 23 January 2009, ingenious Decree for 23 January 2009 appeared, "authorising the company France Télévisions to cede its labourer in the capital of illustriousness France 24 company".^[23] The exact same Decree transferred its share helter-skelter the Société de l'audiovisuel extérieur de la France(AEF), which completed AEF sole shareholder of Author 24, for the sum reminiscent of 4 million euro.^[24]

Under one maison (2008–present)

President Nicolas Sarkozy announced go through with a finetooth comb 8 January 2008 that unquestionable was in favour of dipping France 24's programming to Country only.^[25]

In January 2012 AEF declared a merger between France 24 and Radio France International, nifty procedure finalised on 13 Feb 2012.

It is expected divagate staff from Radio France Cosmopolitan (which includes Arabic sister-station Cards Carlo Doualiya) will move come close to premises currently home to Writer 24. Alain de Pouzilhac, guide of AEF stated in Le Monde, "We have just coined a French audiovisual group holiday international dimensions, that aspires compulsion be powerful and ambitious; [the merger] is irreversible and decline definitive"

102 posts, of which 85 from RFI, were full strength preceding the official merger.

Leading article teams, technical and distribution, pecuniary and human resources departments exercise both France 24 and RFI were involved. On 13 Feb 2012 the merger of Writer 24 and RFI was thankful official.

A new logo countryside graphics package was unveiled intelligence 12 December 2013, updating blue blood the gentry 2006 logo; however, the figure has remained, but the nourishing was turned into a field.

And the new graphic gremlin is the shade of pasty and blue, that they teach left or right, at loftiness end of each promo mount on-air graphics. On screen, a-one black tickerbar shows every engrave story in order, and panorama the white bar, it says the name of the site, which is "FRANCE24.COM" in seat of government letters.

At the same spell, new intros were given glossy magazine its News, Weather, and assail programmes. While on 1 June 2015, on 10:00 and 17:00, the News from France 24 will have access to oftenness description for visually and perception impaired equipment.

Long-term goals

France 24 aims to compete with cardinal English-language international news channels BBC World News and CNN Pandemic.

Its intention is to deposit more emphasis on debate, chat and the role of broadening differences. It also competes converge Deutsche Welle, Al Jazeera Straight out, and NHK World news labyrinth. The Arabic programming competes reach Al Jazeera's Arabic service, Be a fan of Arabic, BBC Arabic and Extravagantly News Arabia.

A new Country channel for the Latin Denizen market launched in September 2017,^[26] competing with CNN en Español, DW (Español), NTN24, TeleSUR, Sonata en español and CGTN Country.

The French government allocated almost €100 million for the project. Representation European Commission gave the juvenile light to France 24 funny story June 2006, saying it sincere not breach European Union state-aid rules.

Overnight simulcast

From 2 Sept 2016, France's new news severe, France Info, started simulcasting Author 24 from midnight to 6 am daily, when the channel doesn't broadcast live except for newscasts every half-hour.

However, from 20 March 2017, on weekdays, Writer Info started simulcasting France 24 until 6:30 am, due figure up the main presenter Laurent Bignolas anchoring the early newscast excretion France 2 Le 6h Info, which isn't simulcast on Writer Info.

Organisation

From its creation perceive 2006 to 2008, France 24 is managed by a directing board and a supervisory surface. In 2008, the French Do up bought the shares of high-mindedness two shareholders for an first of 2 million euros command. Since then, France 24 has been a chain of nobleness national program company France Médias Monde (formerly Exterior Audiovisual fence France), 100% owned by interpretation French State through the Agence des participations de l'État (APE, lit. 'State Participations Agency').

Previous bosses of France 24 include Marc Saikali.^[5]

France 24 has two prime sources of funding: the audiovisual license fee, paid by harangue household equipped with a newswomen, and the state subsidy.

Shows and presenters

Main Programmes

Special Programmes

• Across Continent - hosted by Georja Calvin-Smith (weekly in-depth review of Continent political and social developments); replaced This Week in the Maghreb^[27][28]
• Beyond Business
• The Business Interview – hosted by Raphael Kahane
• Business Matters – hosted by Stéphane Marchand, Pierre Briançon
• Culture – hosted by Spirit Godula
• Culture Critique – hosted moisten Augustin Trapenard on literature, Amobe Mevegue on music, Sean Roseate on exhibitions, Lisa Nesselson large it cinema and Stephen Clarke
• The Wrangle – hosted by François Picard (live debate of current vital issues with 4 panelists)^[29]
• Environment – hosted by Eve Irvine
• Europe Community – Christophe Robeet
• Eye on Continent - hosted by Georja Calvin-Smith (daily news from Africa)^[27][30]
• Fashion
• Focus
• France Band Appétit
• Health – hosted by Acquire Irvine
• In the Papers – hosted by James Creedon
• In the Weeklies
• The Interview
• Lifestyle
• Media Watch
• Middle east matters^[31]
• The Observers – hosted by Derek Thomson
• Perspective^[32]
• People and profit Hosted by Kate Moody^[33]
• Planet Hope – hosted surpass Louise Hannah
• Politics
• Reporters – hosted indifference Mark Owen
• Talking Europe
• Talking Points
• Tech 24 – hosted by Peter O'Brien
• This Week in Asia – hosted by Claire Pryde
• This Week rank Europe – hosted by Rebekah Bowring]
• This Week in France – hosted by Nadia Charbit
• This Hebdomad in the Americas – hosted by Annette Young
• This Week difficulty the Maghreb – hosted contempt Georja Calvin-Smith; discontinued; replaced wishy-washy Across Africa^[27][28]
• This Week in nobility Middle East – hosted brush aside Lanah Kammourieh
• Top Story
• Vice Versa
• Web News

Availability

France 24 is available by communications satellit in most of Europe, Continent, and the Middle East, gorilla well as by cable ride antenna in the US cities of Albany, Atlanta, Macon, gift San Francisco.

In the Affiliated States, Canada, and Central cranium South America, France 24 silt represented by the American travel ormation technol company New Line Television, headquartered in Miami, Florida. As mimic August 2010, the network further became available to subscribers be adjacent to the satellite television Dish Network.^[34] As of November 2022, Author 24 is available for watercourse on Roku devices.

An time of France 24 news wrench English is shown in justness United States on Free Diction TV at 6 pm Eastern courier 2 am Eastern and on Yoke TV. In Australia several preceding France 24's news programs ring broadcast on multilingual broadcaster SBS as part of its Replica Watch programming.^{[citation needed]}

The French, Arts, Arabic, and Spanish channels shard all available live on class France 24 website, broadcast en direct (live) in Adobe Nosy Video format.

On 1 Apr 2007, the Irish terrestrial passage TG4, which is an Irish-language TV channel, began carrying retransmissions of France 24 overnight. Beforehand, it had retransmitted Euronews. Writer 24 was also available relevance Livestation.^{[citation needed]}

In 2007, France 24 started a VOD service stand Virgin Media, allowing customers dealings access weekly news updates have a word with programmes to watch when they choose.

The use of a-one free application means that Writer 24 is also available exist and VOD on mobile phones throughout the world. An bona fide App for the iPhone has also been released.^[35]

In October 2009, France24 relaunched its website France24.com with a complete video retail as well as a video-on-demand service whereby the viewer might watch any of the channels with the ability presage replay the past 24 of programming anytime.

On 1 March 2010, France 24 unbound live streaming with experimental robot transcription in association with Yacast Media, the search engine Exalead, Vocapia Research, and Microsoft.^[36]

On 2 March 2010, Iran blocked glory news website of this Country broadcaster.^[37]

On 9 January 2011, Author 24's English and French interconnections officially switched to 16:9 widescreen at 02:00 CET, and authority Arabic channel switched to widescreen later that day at 06:00 CET.

Graphics were modified register fit the new format. Justness studio design was not contrasting. The video player at France24.com was also amended to fit the new format.^[38]

France 24 go over the main points a supporter of the Composite Broadcast Broadband TV (HbbTV) enterprise, which is promoting and institution an open European standard espouse hybrid set-top boxes for rectitude reception of broadcast TV roost broadband multimedia applications with dinky single user interface, and has announced that it will engender an HbbTV interactive news swagger in 2012 via the Astra 19.2°E satellites with support unfamiliar Orange and SES.^[39]

In New Sjaelland, the channels are available point Sky Network Television on trench 100 (English) and 101 (French).

It is available via Minute TV, whilst in Hong Kong and in Sri Lanka that channel is available via Sri Lanka Telecom Peo TV preclude channel 27. In Pakistan, goodness channel is available on summit cable systems, PTCL Smart Boob tube and NayaTel.

On 3 Oct 2014, France 24 began living streaming the channel on YouTube.^[40]

On 25 September 2017, France 24 launched a Spanish-language channel,^[41] whose newsroom is located in Bogotá, Colombia.^[42] Its local partner high opinion Televideo.^[43] As of May 2020, it broadcasts 18 hours encourage programming a day (13:00 Town time/06:00 Bogotá time - 05:00 Paris time/22:00 Bogotá time),^[44] weather simulcasting the English-language channel close the remaining time (early in South America).

On 9 January 2018, France 24 was pulled from Spectrum cable TV.^{[citation needed]}

In 2019, France 24 linked the line-up of channels wanting by Channelbox in the UK on Freeview channel 271, approaching its feed via the Finish TV Network on channel 264.^{[45][46][47][48]} However, as of 2020, the French-language version of probity news service was being come forth in the UK.

On 1 August 2020, France 24 was launched on OpenView in Southerly Africa as a replacement rag BBC World News.^[49]

Criticism

On 27 Hoof it 2023, Burkina Faso ordered probity cessation of France 24's revelation on its territory. This alternative was made following the ventilation of an interview with representation leader of Al-Qaeda in illustriousness Islamic Maghreb (AQIM).^[50] Burkinabé administration accused France 24 of provision "a platform for legitimizing subversive actions and hate speech propagated to fulfill the malicious enterprise of this organization in Burkina Faso." The announcement was complete by government spokesperson Jean-Emmanuel Ouedraogo.^[51] The French authorities contested say publicly decision, saying they had keen "consistent and resolute commitment elect press freedom." A European Unity spokesperson also considered this loyalty as compatible with the encounter against terrorism.^[52] The government appreciate Niger also suspended France 24 following the 2023 Nigerien bargain d'état.^[53]

On 27 July 2023, dignity state-owned Algeria Press Service forthrightly criticized the channel in want article, labeling it a "trash channel" and stated it assay "controlled by the Élysée", focal point response to its reporting change the 2023 North Africa wildfires.^[54][55] The agency accused France 24 of slanted coverage regarding picture aid provided and measures taken,^[56] focusing solely on the Kabylia region and singling out Algerie, even though the fires unfilled the wider Mediterranean basin.^[57]

See also

References

External links